Authors : Prajwal Y. R.; Dr. Chandrashekhar Bendigeri

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 2 - February

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/9ymp74et

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/ee468ywt

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26feb950

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Digital twinning has emerged as a key enabling technology for smart manufacturing by establishing a real-time digital replica of physical assets, processes, and systems. Driven by advancements in Industry 4.0 technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and data analytics, digital twins support continuous monitoring, simulation, prediction, and optimization across the entire product lifecycle. This review paper presents a structured and critical overview of digital twinning, covering its origin, evolution, core characteristics, architectures, service models, and integration with cyber–physical systems. Furthermore, recent applications of digital twins in smart manufacturing, including predictive maintenance, virtual commissioning, and production optimization, are discussed. Finally, key challenges and open research gaps related to scalability, data management, cybersecurity, and standardization are identified. The review aims to provide researchers and practitioners with a consolidated understanding of digital twinning and its role in enabling intelligent and sustainable manufacturing systems.

Keywords : Digital Twin, Smart Manufacturing, Cyber–Physical Systems, Industry 4.0, Virtual Manufacturing.

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