Authors : Dr. Karthika E.S; Dr. Manjula Thimmaiah; Dr. Madhusudhan V; Dr. Shailaja; Dr. Chethan Kumar D; Dr. Swadhinata Handique

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 7 - July

---

Google Scholar : https://shorturl.at/9aTL6

Scribd : https://shorturl.at/p4l0N

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL1327

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

---

Abstract : Globally, the most prevalent birth malformations is cleft palate and cleft lip, etiology of cleft is multifactorial and occurrence is as a result of inaccurate tissue fusion. The treatment objective in these patients include restoration of normal anatomy to obtain desired skeletal, cartilaginous and soft tissue relationship. To minimize the severity of cleft before surgery of cleft lip and palate, a nonsurgical methods such as Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) can be used to reshape and align the lip, nostrils, and gingiva. There are various techniques available for Nasoalveolar molding which will be summarized in this article.

Keywords : Cleft Lip and Palate (CLCP), Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding (PNAM), Computer Aided Design NAM (CAD-NAM)

References :

1. Raman S, Jacob M, Jacob MS, Nagarajan R. Providing intervention services for communication deficits associated with cleft lip and / or palate - A retrospective analysis. Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal 2004;15(2):78-85
2. Salari N, Darvishi N, Heydari M, Bokaee S, Darvishi F, Mohammadi M. Global prevalence of cleft palate, cleft lip and cleft palate and lip: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2022 Apr 1;123(2):110-20.
3. Sharma MP, Sandhu BH, Kumar MA. Presurgicalnasoalveolarmolding in unilateral cleft lip and palate patient. Indian J DentAdv 2012;4:1024-9. level of evidence B
4.  Latham RA, Kusy RP, Georgiade NG. An extraorally activated expansion appliance for cleft palate infants. Cleft Palate J 1976;13: 253-61.
5.  Pool R, Farnworth TK. Preoperative lip taping in the cleft lip. Ann Plast Surg 1994;32:243-9
6. Meijer R. Lip adhesion and its effect on the maxillofacial complex in complete unilateral clefts of the lip and palate. Cleft Palate J 1978;15:39-43.
7. Grayson BH, Cutting C, Wood R. Preoperative columella lengthening in bilateral cleft lip and palate. Plast Reconstr Surg 1993; 92:1422-3.
8. Kapadia H, Olson D, Tse R, Susarla SM. Nasoalveolar molding for unilateral and bilateral cleft lip repair. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics. 2020 May 1;32(2):197-204.)
9. Grayson BH, Garfinkle JS. Early cleft management: the case for nasoalveolar molding. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2014 Feb 1;145(2):142.
10. Grayson BH, Shetye PR. Presurgical nasoalveolar moulding treatment in cleft lip and palate patients. Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2009 Oct;42(S 01):S56-61.
11. Murthy PS, Deshmukh S, Bhagyalakshmi A, Srilatha KT. Pre surgical nasoalveolar molding: changing paradigms in early cleft lip and palate rehabilitation. Journal of international oral health: JIOH. 2013 Apr;5(2):70.)
12. McNeil C. Orthodontic procedures in the treatment of congenital cleft palate. Dent Records 1950;70:126-32
13. (Suri S, Tompson BD. A modified muscle-activated maxillary orthopedic appliance for presurgical nasoalveolar molding in infants with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2004;41:225)
14. Grayson BH, Santiago PE, Brecht LE, Cutting CB. Presurgical nasoalveolar molding in infants with cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1999;36:486
15. (Matsuo K, Hirose T, Otagiri T, Norose N. Repair of cleft lip with nonsurgical correction of nasal deformity in the early neonatal period. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1989;83:25.).
16. ( Shetty V, Thakral A, Sreekumar C. Comparison of early onset nasoalveolar molding with patients who presented for molding up to 1 year of age. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2016 Apr 1;74(4):811-27.)
17. Kapadia H, Olson D, Tse R, Susarla SM. Nasoalveolar molding for unilateral and bilateral cleft lip repair. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics. 2020 May 1;32(2):197-204.
18. Ezzat CF, Chavarria C, Teichgraeber JF, Chen JW, Stratmann RG, Gateno J, Xia JJ. Presurgical nasoalveolar molding therapy for the treatment of unilateral cleft lip and palate: a preliminary study. The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal. 2007 Jan;44(1):8-12.
19. Levy-Bercowski D, Abreu A, DeLeon E, Looney S, Stockstill J, Weiler M, Santiago PE. Complications and solutions in presurgical nasoalveolar molding therapy. The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal. 2009 Sep;46(5):521-8.
20. Tankittiwat P, Pisek A, Manosudprasit M, Punyavong P, Manosudprasit A, Phaoseree N, Wangsrimongkol B, Pisek P, Manosudprasit A. Function of Nasoalveolar Molding Devices in Bilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate: A 3-Dimensional Maxillary Arch Analysis. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. 2021 Nov;58(11):1389-97.
21. Grayson BH, Maull D. Nasoalveolar molding for infants born with clefts of the lip, alveolus and palate. Cleft lip and palate. 2006:451-8.
22. Santiago P, Grayson B, Cutting C, Gianoutsos M, Brecht L, Kwon S. Reduced need for alveolar bone grafting by presurgical orthopedics and primary gingivoperiosteoplasty. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1998;35:77–80
23.  Wood R, Grayson B, Cutting C. Gingivoperiosteoplasty and midfacial growth. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 1997;34:17–20
24. Thakur S, Jishad C, Singhal P, Chauhan D. Comparative clinical evaluation of modified and conventional Grayson’s presurgical nasoalveolar molding technique in infants with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Dental Research Journal. 2021;18.
25. Figueroa AA, Polley JW. Orthodontics in cleft lip and palate management. In: Mathes S, Ventz V. editors Plastic Surgery. 2nd ed. Pediatric Plastic Surgery. Vol. 4. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2006: p. 271-310
26. Chang CS, Wallace CG, Pai BC, Chiu YT, Hsieh YJ, Chen IJ, Liao YF, Liou EJ, Chen PK. Comparison of two nasoalveolar molding techniques in unilateral complete cleft lip patients: a randomized, prospective, single-blind trial to compare nasal outcomes. Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 2014 Aug 1;134(2):275-82.
27. Al Mortadi N, Eggbeer D, Lewis J, et al. Design and fabrication of a sleep apnea device using computer-aided design/additive manufacture technologies. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part H: J Engineering in Medicine 2013;227:350–355
28. Loeffelbein DJ, Ritschl LM, Rau A, Wolff KD, Barbarino M, Pfeifer S, Schönberger M, Wintermantel E. Analysis of computer-aided techniques for virtual planning in nasoalveolar moulding. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2015 May 1;53(5):455-60.
29. Gong X, Dang R, Xu T, Yu Q, Zheng J. Full digital workflow of nasoalveolar molding treatment in infants with cleft lip and palate. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2020 Mar 1;31(2):367-71.
30. Kasper FK, Ghivizzani MM, Chiquet BT. Emerging applications of 3D printing in nasoalveolar molding therapy: a narrative review. Journal of 3D printing in medicine. 2019 Dec;3(4):195-208.
31. Gong X, Dang R, Xu T, Yu Q, Zheng J. Full digital workflow of nasoalveolar molding treatment in infants with cleft lip and palate. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2020 Mar 1;31(2):367-71.
32. Yu Q, Gong X, Wang GM, Yu ZY, Qian YF, Shen G. A novel technique for presurgical nasoalveolar molding using computer-aided reverse engineering and rapid prototyping. Journal of craniofacial surgery. 2011 Jan 1;22(1):142-6.
33. Bauer FX, Schönberger M, Gattinger J, Eblenkamp M, Wintermantel E, Rau A, Güll FD, Wolff KD, Loeffelbein DJ. RapidNAM: generative manufacturing approach of nasoalveolar molding devices for presurgical cleft lip and palate treatment. Biomedical Engineering/Biomedizinische Technik. 2017 Aug 28;62(4):407-14.
34. Bous RM, Kochenour N, Valiathan M. A novel method for fabricating nasoalveolar molding appliances for infants with cleft lip and palate using 3-dimensional workflow and clear aligners. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2020 Sep 1;158(3):452-8.
35. Ritschl LM, Rau A, Güll FD, Wolff KD, Schönberger M, Bauer FX, Wintermantel E, Loeffelbein DJ. Pitfalls and solutions in virtual design of nasoalveolar molding plates by using CAD/CAM technology—A preliminary clinical study. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. 2016 Apr 1;44(4):453-9.
36. El-Ashmawi NA, Fayed MM, El-Beialy A, Attia KH. Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) using Grayson method versus computer-aided design NAM (CAD/NAM) in infants with bilateral cleft lip and palate: a randomized clinical trial. The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. 2022 Mar;59(3):377-89.