In the near future, electric vehicles with superior energy sources will become more widespread. This review paper discusses an overview of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) with an emphasis on battery cell technologies, topological configurations of HESS, and its control techniques. The Energy Management Strategy (EMS) of HESS with a fuel cell (FC), a supercapacitor, and an ultra-capacitor uses in HEVs. The primary goal is to increase the battery system's efficiency and effective use under secure operating circumstances. According to a review, some researchers have used battery-UC HESS as a combination and demonstrated improvements in driving cycles, range, and vehicle efficiency. The multi-converter topology of the hybrid sources operates with high degree of flexibility along with reliability. It has been observed that use of an additional storage system can prolong the lifespan of the primary storage system (battery). The quick charging and the discharging abilities of ultracapacitors made it possible to store the regenerative braking capacity in an appropriate fashion. Optimized energy management among the HESS will result from work on better optimization methods. The HESS design interfaces the various battery chemistries using a number of modular hybrid battery managers (HBMs). One of this work's major contributions is its power-mix algorithm for dual-chemistry HESS. There are a number of ways to accomplish these goals, including the hybrid predictive power optimization (PPO) control strategy, Adaptive FLC Strategy, Grey Wolf Optimization Technique, and the Pontryagin's Minimum Principle.

Keywords : HESS, SESS, Predictive Power Optimization (PPO), Hybrid battery managers, Grey Wolf Optimization, Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle