Authors : Namburi Nireekshana; Sadiya Shiraz; Reddy Dharani Divyashree; Karishma Naaz; Siliveri Soumya

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 11 - November

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25nov1110

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Abstract : The electrical distribution system (EDS) plays a vital role in the power sector, serving as the final stage in the delivery of electrical energy from the transmission network to end users. It ensures the efficient, reliable, and safe supply of electricity to residential, commercial, and industrial consumers. Over the years, distribution systems have evolved significantly in terms of design, operation, and technology to meet the growing energy demand and improve service quality. This paper surveys existing research, technical developments, and innovations in electrical distribution systems (EDS). It provides a detailed overview of traditional systems mainly radial, ring, and interconnected networks and highlights their characteristics, advantages, and limitations. The study also emphasizes the importance of load management, voltage regulation, and protection schemes that ensure system reliability and minimize power losses. With the integration of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind, as well as the implementation of automation and smart grid technologies, modern distribution systems have become more intelligent and adaptive. The paper explores the role of technologies like Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), smart meters, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices in enhancing monitoring, control, and fault detection. Additionally, challenges such as aging infrastructure, power quality issues, and cybersecurity threats are discussed, along with emerging solutions like energy storage and artificial intelligence–based predictive maintenance. Overall, this survey aims to provide an in-depth understanding of both conventional and modern electrical distribution systems, their operational challenges, and future development trends, contributing to improved system performance and sustainable power distribution in the evolving energy landscape. The findings from this survey consolidate recent advancements and highlight future research opportunities in smart and sustainable distribution systems.

Keywords : Electrical Distribution System (EDS), Smart Grid, Distributed Generation, Load Management, Voltage Regulation, SCADA, IoT, Power Quality, Renewable Energy Integration, Cybersecurity, Predictive Maintenance, Energy Storage.

References :

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