Authors : Anirudh Nair; Rajni Devi; Rajvinder Kaur

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 1 - January

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/mh9x5z56

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/vpj9n8tw

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jan981

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : "A Descriptive Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Mission Indradhanush Among Mothers of Under-Five Children in Selected Community Areas in Haridwar, with a View to Develop an Information Booklet.", was done by Roll number as a partial fulfillment of the requirement of the degree of Master of Science in Nursing at Shri Swami Bhumanand College of nursing, under the HNBUMU University, Dehradun, September 2025. The objectives of the study were  To assess the knowledge of mothers of under-five children regarding Mission Indradhanush in Selected Community Areas in Haridwar  To find out the association between mothers knowledge level with their selected demographic variables in Selected Community Areas in Haridwar  To develop an information booklet based on the findings to enhance awareness about Mission Indradhanush among mothers of Under-Five Children in Selected Community Areas in Haridwar Hypothesis formulated were H₀ (Null Hypothesis): There is no significant association between n the knowledge of mothers regarding Mission Indradhanush and their selected demographic variables. H₁ (Alternative Hypothesis): There is a significant association between the knowledge of mothers regarding Mission Indradhanush and their selected demographic variables. The conceptual framework selected for this study is based on Imogene King’s Goal attainment theory. The concept of the theory is perception, action, interaction and transaction. These concepts are interrelated in every nursing situation. These terms are defined as concept in the conceptual framework. The research design was a descriptive survey design. The data collection tools were validated by Nursing experts and Pediatrician too. Reliability was established by Inter rate method. The reliability was found to be r=0.82 for Internet self-structured questionnaire = 0.75. 100 samples for the study were chosen using purposive sampling Technique. Background factors of each sample were collected by Self questionnaire method. The setting was at community area, Haridwar. The data collected was edited, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted manually with the help of statistician. The conclusion of the study was that most of the mothers of under five children.

References :

1. "Union Government launched health mission- 'Mission Indradhanush'" India Today.
2. https://www.google.com/search?q=the+most+vulnerable+population+to+catch+diseases.
3. "Health & Family Welfare Minister launches 'Mission Indradhanush'.
4. Vajiram Editor. Mission Indradhanush Yojana, Launched Date, Objective, Challenges [ nternet]. User’s blog. Vajiram and Ravi; 2025 [cited 2025 Sep 24]. Available from: https://vajiramandravi.com/current-affairs/mission-indradhanush-yojana/
5. Bianca Cinicolathe Protective Role of Maternal Immunization in Early Life April 28;9:638871. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.638871.
6. Challenges in global immunization and the global immunization vision and strategy 2006– 2015.
7. Wolfson L. Gasse F., Lee-Martin S. P., et al. estimating the costs of achieving the WHO–unicef global immunization vision and strategy, 2006– 2015.
8. https://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR374/FR374_Maharashtra.pdf.
9. Yoshikawa H, Whipps MD, Rojas NM. Commentary: New directions in developmentally informed intervention research for vulnerable populations. Child Dev. (2017) 88:459–65. 10.1111/cdev.12736.
10. States/UTs roll out Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) 3.0 Press Information Bureau Government of India Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 23 feb 2021 1:43pm by pibdelhi.
11. Jedm.oauife.edu.ng>uploads>2017/03/07 (accessed 2017 February 22
12. Dickson Adom theoretical and conceptual framework: mandatory ingredients of a quality research international journal scientific research volume 7 issue 1january 2018.
13. Victoria MockUsing a conceptual model in nursing research - mitigating fatigue in cancer patients journal of advanced nursing May 1;58(5):503–512. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04293.x
14. Imogene King Biography. (n.d.). Retrieved July 7, 2014, fromhttps://king.clubexpress.com/content.aspx?page_id=22&club_id=459369 &module_id=59920.
15. Vidhi P, Khushi D, Karishma G, Pratixa G, Sanjana G, Yesha K, Tanvi M, et al. Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162). JETIR2501114 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Jul 7];12. Available from: https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2501114.pdf1
16. Ms Sonal Kurane, Khamkar, Pawar MP, Bhosale MA. A descriptive study to assess the knowledge regarding mission indradhanush among parents in selected urban areas of pune city [Internet]. 2024.Availablefrom: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377224241_A_DESCRIPTIVE_STUDY_TO_ASSESS_THE_KNOWLEDGE_REGARDING_MISSION_INDRADHANUSH_AMONG_PARENTS_IN_SELECTED_URBAN_ARE AS_OF_PUNE_CITY
17. Pochate Sakshi. A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Mission Indradhanush among Mothers of under Five Year Children in Selected Community Area in Jabalpur City. Internatinaol journal of research in academic world [Internet]. 2024;3(4). Available from: www.academicjournal.ijraw.com/archive/2024
18. Emma Clarke-Deelder, Christian Suharlim, Susmita Chatterjee, Allison Portnoy, Logan Brenzel, Arindam Ray, Jessica L Cohen, Nicolas A Menzies, Stephen C Resch Health impact and cost-effectiveness of expanding routine immunization coverage in India through Intensified Mission Indradhanush, Health Policy and Planning, Volume 39, Issue 6, July 2024, Pages 583–592, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czae024.
19. Pendo Ndaki, Kinyonga M, Mwita S. Self-reported Provision of Preconception Care and Associated Factors. East African Health Research Journal [Internet]. 2024 Mar 28;8(1):58–66.      Available from: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11371006/
20. Pavani TS, Chaudhuri S, Agiwal V. Intensified mission indradhanush: Maternal awareness and service utilization in Krishna district, India. BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences. 2024 Jan;9(1):58–63.
21. Jayaraj J, Ganesan S, Geminiganesan S. Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding immunization among parents with children in the age group 12 to 24 months. Int J Community Med Public Health [Internet]. 2023 Jun. 29 [cited 2025 Sep. 1];10(7):2541-8. Available from: https://www.ijcmph.com/index.php/ijcmph/article/view/11260
22. Jelly, Prasuna, et al. “Knowledge, Attitude, Compliance and Barriers of mmunization among Parents’ of Under-Five Children.” International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, vol. 19, 1 Jan. 2023, p. 100608, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214139123000835?via%3Dihub, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2023.100608. Accessed 13 Oct. 2023
23. Dhawan V, Chakraborty AB, Dhandore S, Dhalaria P, Agarwal D, Singh AK. Mission Indradhanush and Intensified Mission Indradhanush—Success Story of ndia’s Universal mmunization Program and the Role of Mann Ki Baat in Bridging the Immunization Gap. Indian Journal of Community Medicine [Internet]. 2023 Nov 1;48(6):823. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/ijcm/fulltext/2023/48060/mission_indradhanush_and_intensi fied_mission.6.aspx3.
24. Shreya Adavalath, SG Sowmya, K Shreedhara Avabratha. Immunization of children under 5 years: other’s knowledge, attitude, and practice in a rural community. Muller journal of medical sciences and research. 2023 Jan 1;14(1):6–6.
25. Deepika Badkur, Singh S. A cross-sectional study to assess immunization coverage and knowledge, attitude and practice of mothers regarding immunization in seepatbilaspur. International journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences/international journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences. 2023 aug 1;9–13.
26. Akansha Modi N. An assessment of knowledge and utilization of Mission Indradhanush at Qutub Vihar, New Delhi: A cross-sectional study. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research). 2023 Mar 28-33
27. Patel B, Prajapati H. A Study to Evaluate Effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on Selected Healthy Habits in Terms of Knowledge and Attitude among Mothers of School Age Children in Select Rural Areas of Ahmedabad District, Gujarat. International Journal of Renewable Energy Exchange. 2023 Oct 12;11(10):155–61.
28. B. Kokillamma,M. Vishnuvardhan,Dr. P. Sudharani,Dr. M. Sreelatha, MB, A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING MISSION INDRADHANUSH AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER FIVE CHILDREN AT SELECTED MUNICIPAL MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH CENTRE (MCH), TIRUPATI. IJCRT - International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) [Internet]. 2021 Nov [cited 2025 Sep 3];9(11): a364–72a364–72. Available from: http://ijcrt.org/viewfull.php?&p_id=IJCRT2111048
29. Joy A, Rajan J, Paul M, Stephen S, Varghese G. A study to assess the knowledge regarding intensified mission indradhanush 2.0 among mothers of under-five children in Kerala with a view to develop an educational booklet. European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences wwwejbpscom │.          0; 9 3 : 15–9.
30. HandiqueJb, Suneetha K, Rai G, Shylla B. Effectiveness Of Educational Package On Level Of Knowledge And Attitude Regarding Mission Indradhanush Among Mothers Of Under Five Children In Selected Urban Slum Area, Bengaluru, India. Ajoaims [Internet]. 2021 Nov. 7 [Cited 2025 Jul. 7];3(1):342-7.
31. Suneetha K, Rai G, Shylla B. Effectiveness Of Educational Package on Level Of Knowledge And Attitude Regarding Mission Indradhanush Among Mothers Of Under Five Children In Selected Urban Slum Area, Bengaluru, India. Ajoaims [Internet]. 2021 Nov. 7 [Cited 2025 Jul. 7];3(1):342-7. AvailableFrom: Https://Journalmedicals.Com/Index.Php/Ajoaims/Article/View/51
32. Chatterjee S, Das P, Pinheiro A, Haldar P, Ray A, Brenzel L, Resch S. The incremental cost of improving immunization coverage in India through the Intensified Mission Indradhanush programme. Health Policy Plan. 2021 Sep 9;36(8):1316-1324. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czab053. PMID: 33950262; PMCID: PMC8428614.
33. Gireesh M, Pillai S, Gertrude S, Sahitha M, Neema M, John P. International Journal of Community Health Nursing Effectiveness of video assisted teaching program on knowledge regarding mission indradhanush program among the mothers of under five children in the tribal areas. International Journal of Community Health Nursing. 2021(2):11–6.
34. Bala R, Shaifali, Saini S, Negi S, Narayan S, Gill S, et al. A study to assess the awareness and utilization of mission indradhanush programme for under 5 years children among mother at selected area of Naraingarh, District Ambala (Haryana). International Journal of Advance Research in Nursing. 2020 Jul 1;3(2):164–7.
35. Sarojamma. Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding mission indradhanush programme among mothers of under two-year children in selected phc’s Bengaluru [Internet]. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences; 2019 May [cited 2025 Jul 7] p. 158–61. Available from: https://www.wjpls.org/download/article/39052019/1559215370.pdf
36. Patidar AK, Khatri AK, Waskel B, Dixit S. A cross sectional study to assess the awareness and satisfaction level among the beneficiaries regarding Mission Indradhanush in selected districts of Indore division. International Journal of Community Medicine And Public Health. 2019 Aug 27;6(9):3787.
37. N. N, Abraham SB, Thomas T, Mary R, B, Abbas H. Knowledge and perceptions regarding immunization among mothers of under five children: a community study from South Kerala. Int J Contemp Pediatr [Internet]. 2019 Dec. 24 [cited 2025 Sep.1];7(1):66-71.   Available from: https://www.ijpediatrics.com/index.php/ijcp/article/view/2911
38. Unnikrishnan A, Parwada G, Makrani MA, Khan R. Assess the knowledge of under five mother regarding mission indradhanush. Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR). 2019;8(1):75
39. Mohapatra I, Kumar A, Mishra K. A study on awareness and utilization of Mission Indradhanush in an urban slum of Bhubaneswar. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2018;7(6):1294.
40. Algotar PD, Lakshmi N, Yagnik HB, Jain R. Process evaluation of mission Indradhanush immunization program in urban and rural communities of Ahmedabad district of Gujarat. Int J Community Med Public Health [Internet]. 2019 Jan. 24 [cited 2025    Sep.3];6(2):780-3. Available from: https://www.ijcmph.com/index.php/ijcmph/article/view/4126
41. Thakur R, Awasthi AA, Taneja N, Janardhanan R. The evaluation of immunization coverage under mission Indradhanush: a review. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health. 2020 Nov 25;7(12):5229
42. Dr. Bhagyashree Jogdeo A study to assess the knowledge regarding immunization among mother’s residing in urban areas of Pune city nternational Journal of Midwifery and Nursing Practice 2018; 1(1): 01-02.
43. A. D, Raghupathy N, Sowmiya M, Amudharaj D, Jehangir HM. Immunization knowledge, attitude and practice among mothers of children from 0 to 5 years. Int J Contemp Pediatr [Internet]. 2017 Apr. 25 [cited 2025 Sep. 1];4(3):783-9. Available from: https://www.ijpediatrics.com/index.php/ijcp/article/view/764
44. Mugada, V., Chandrabhotla, S., Kaja, D.S., Gopala, S. and Machara, K. (2017) Knowledge towards Childhood Immunization among Mothers & Reasons for Incomplete Immunization. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7, 157-161.
45. Research methodologies. Pfeiffer Library website. Accessed August 15, 2023. https://library.tiffin.edu/researchmethodologies/whatareresearchmethod ologies
46. Types of research methodology. Eduvoice website. accessed August 16, 2023. https://eduvoice.in/types-research-methodology/
47. The basics of research methodology: A key to quality research. Voxco. accessed August 16, 2023. https://www.voxco.com/blog/what-is-research-methodology/
48. Sampling methods: Types with examples. QuestionPro website. accessed August 16, 2023. https://www.questionpro.com/blog/types-of-sampling-for-social-research/

• Other References:

49. Census of India: Provisional Population Totals: India: Census 2011. Available from: http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_results_ paper1_ india.html
50. Swarnakar’s. Community Health Nursing.  ndoor: N.R. Brothers Publisher’s Nursing,2016 :(3):468.
51. Gulani KK. Community Health Nursing. Delhi: Kumar Publication House,2013:(2):395.
52. Suryakantha AH. Community medicine with recent advances. New Delhi. Jaypee Brother’s medical publisher P  Ltd ,  4 .
53. Basavanthapa BT. Community Health Nursing. New Delhi: Jaypee Brother Medical Publisher (P) Ltd,2008:(2):547.
54. https://www.researchgate.net/journal/International-Journal-of-Community-Medicine-and-Public-Health-2394-6032
55. Binu joe, Anu Joy kutty. Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme to Assess Knowledge of Mothers Regarding Vaccine Preventable Disease among Children. International Journal of immunological nursing.
56. Reema Mukherjee, Manisha Arora, Atul Kotwal, Poonam Hooda. Awareness and attitude of mothers towards new vaccines in the childhood vaccination programme in Delhi state: a cross sectional study. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 2017, 4(10).
57. World Health Organization (2021). The power of vaccines: still not fully utilized. https://www.who.int/ publications/10-year-review/vaccines/en/. Accessed 09/ 03/ 2020.