Authors :
S.N Saha
Volume/Issue :
Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 8 - August
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/5b8efebn
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/596wa6v9
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25aug762
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Note : Google Scholar may take 30 to 40 days to display the article.
Abstract :
The objective of the study is to find the importance of increasing Socio-economic development in rural areas of
India. Data reveal that urban migration has reduced even the agricultural labour force in the rural sector. The share of
rural economy has been falling. Rural people have been facing challenges because of low income, low standard of living and
inadequate job opportunities. The urban migration is increasing.
Rural areas have been brought under some important Government projects. But there exist challenges related to basic
services like medical, education and recreation too. Real developmental gap between the rural and urban areas has been
widening.
Excessive migration to-wards urban areas should be checked. For this necessary infrastructure support is desirable
in rural areas. Investment opportunities including non-agricultural sectors are important. This will reduce the existing gap
in development and thereby migratory trends will move backwards.
Aim of the Study:
Under the above circumstances, certain features have already cropped up which may call for the necessity of rural
socio-economic infrastructural issues as an imperative for reducing the gap between the rural and urban economies. The
primary aim is to highlight the importance of using the resources in the rural economy in order to ensure balanced
development across the sectors concerned.
Methodology:
The study deals with statistical data, regression calculation, diagram, calculation of Standard Error and that for
accepting the model (hypothesis testing). Data have been collected from published sources. As for symbolized residual, ε
(epsilon) has been mentioned (ε =y-ŷ) to show the difference between the dependent variable (Y) and predicted value (ŷ)
from the regression model. The negatively slopped regression line shows a decline in y-values, while x-values are increasing.
Hypothesis:
Migration of labour force from Agricultural sector has resulted socio-economic challenges for the rural sector in
India.
Drawback of the study:
The matters under consideration are based on the availability of statistical data. However current data for sub-sectors
under the Indian agriculture sector are somewhat lacking, in the study. So there may be a gap related to data. Besides, the
detailed information in respect of the reasons of urban migration is also lacking in the study. Thus micro level impacts were
not studied.
Keywords :
Urban Migration, Agricultural Labour Force, Regression, Least Square Method, Standard Error, Negatively Sloped, Socio-Economic, Rural Artisans, GVA Challenges.
References :
- Harris Selod and Forhad Shilpi, The world Bank, Rural-Urban Migration in Developing countries, Lessons from Literature CJE2 Codes J61, 015
- Jason Hung, Detailed analysis on why Lewis model and Harris-Todaro model are inapplicable to the interpretation of rural-urban migration in China, 22 April,2022
- Wikipedia, Policy Research work paper
- Harris Selod and Forad Shilpi, op. cit.
- Harris Selod and Forad Shilpi, World Bank Document, Rural-Urban Migration in developing countries, May,2021
- Rural-Urban distribution of population, census of India 2011, 15July,2011
- Rural urban distribution etc, (census report-2011) op. cit
- Rural-Urban distribution etc. ( census Report 2011), op. cit
- SBI Research, Sep,2024
- Census Report, 2011, op. cit
- Economic Survey, Sep,2024
- Statistics for the Behavioral sciences, Frederick J. Gravetta, L. B. Wallnau, Tata Me-Grow-Hill
- Mathematics for Economists, An introductory Survey, Taro Yamane (1968)
- Quantitative Method, the Institute of charted Financial Analysis of India, Hyderabad,1999
- Taro Yamane (1968), op. cit
- Quantitative Method, op. cit Page no. 101
- Statistics for Behavioral sciences, op. cit
- N.G. Das, Statistical Method, Saltlake, Calcutta,(2001)
- Dristi IAS, 27 Feb,2023
- Depeasantization and migration : Problems of India Rural Society, Feb,27,2025 Hub Sociology desk
- State of Rural Economy, Dristi IAS, 27Nov,2024
- Economic Survey, 2024-25, Statistical Appendix, NSO
- Statistic 2025
- Economic Survey, 2024-25
- Drishti IAS, State of Rural Economy, 27Nov,2024
- Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India
- Vidhi Taparia, Rural mostly percapita Expenditure rising faster than urban : MOSPI Dec, 27, 2024
- Ministry of urban Affairs (MOHUA)
- Earth 5 R Rural Development initiatives : Bridging Urban-Rural gap
- Schemes/Programmes, Ministry of Rural Development Govt. of India
- Empowering Rural India, Unlocking Sustainable growth – Bharat Rural Expo, Gujrat, 20,21,22 Nov,2025
The objective of the study is to find the importance of increasing Socio-economic development in rural areas of
India. Data reveal that urban migration has reduced even the agricultural labour force in the rural sector. The share of
rural economy has been falling. Rural people have been facing challenges because of low income, low standard of living and
inadequate job opportunities. The urban migration is increasing.
Rural areas have been brought under some important Government projects. But there exist challenges related to basic
services like medical, education and recreation too. Real developmental gap between the rural and urban areas has been
widening.
Excessive migration to-wards urban areas should be checked. For this necessary infrastructure support is desirable
in rural areas. Investment opportunities including non-agricultural sectors are important. This will reduce the existing gap
in development and thereby migratory trends will move backwards.
Aim of the Study:
Under the above circumstances, certain features have already cropped up which may call for the necessity of rural
socio-economic infrastructural issues as an imperative for reducing the gap between the rural and urban economies. The
primary aim is to highlight the importance of using the resources in the rural economy in order to ensure balanced
development across the sectors concerned.
Methodology:
The study deals with statistical data, regression calculation, diagram, calculation of Standard Error and that for
accepting the model (hypothesis testing). Data have been collected from published sources. As for symbolized residual, ε
(epsilon) has been mentioned (ε =y-ŷ) to show the difference between the dependent variable (Y) and predicted value (ŷ)
from the regression model. The negatively slopped regression line shows a decline in y-values, while x-values are increasing.
Hypothesis:
Migration of labour force from Agricultural sector has resulted socio-economic challenges for the rural sector in
India.
Drawback of the study:
The matters under consideration are based on the availability of statistical data. However current data for sub-sectors
under the Indian agriculture sector are somewhat lacking, in the study. So there may be a gap related to data. Besides, the
detailed information in respect of the reasons of urban migration is also lacking in the study. Thus micro level impacts were
not studied.
Keywords :
Urban Migration, Agricultural Labour Force, Regression, Least Square Method, Standard Error, Negatively Sloped, Socio-Economic, Rural Artisans, GVA Challenges.
