Authors : Musa Zakariyawu; Assia Aboubakar Mahamat; Ahmad Rufai Suleiman; Adetimehin Ademola Edward; Akintayo Ibitayo Taiwo

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 12 - December

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/2h6d92hn

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/4xk9n2te

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25dec325

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Note : Google Scholar may take 30 to 40 days to display the article.

Abstract : Road infrastructure, including parking lots, runways at airports, and pavement, is frequently built using asphalt. Researching for substitute asphalt materials or enhancing the pavement's functionality has been going on. One of the main goals of contemporary society is to replace the ever-increasing amounts of products derived from petroleum, a non- renewable resource that is gradually running out, in order to promote both economic and environmental benefits. In this regard, the research aimed at better understand the effects of gum Arabic on the asphalt mix's properties and to improve asphalt performance in order to satisfy society's need for safe, reasonably priced building materials. After determining the optimum bitumen content using Marshall mix design, 20 samples were created to further test the modified mixture's characteristics (5 samples were used as a control, and the remaining 15 samples investigated the effects of changing the asphalt mixtures). The optimum amount of bitumen was found to be 6%. Six distinct percentages of gum Arabic with the optimum bitumen content were selected to modify the asphalt which include 10, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 55%. The Marshall properties of the bitumen-modified asphalt mix for the flexible pavement's wearing course were evaluated in the laboratory. The Marshall Stability, flow, and Voids in Mix (VIM) were measured as the gum Arabic percentage were increased. The experimental results showed that the optimal gum Arabic content of the asphalt mix was 45% by weight, which is the ideal amount of gum Arabic to add as a modifier. The asphalt mix modified with 45% gum Arabic by optimum bitumen content weight has a higher stability value (9.6kN) with respect to the standard asphalt mix (4.98kN). The asphalt mostly complied with the specifications, having bitumen-filled voids of less than 80%, flow within 2 to 4 mm, and stability exceeding 3.5 KN.

Keywords : Gum Arabic, Modified Asphalt, Plasticity Index, Sustainable Modifier, Mechanical.

References :

1. (NGSRB, 2020). (2025). Exploring the Effects of Compaction Conditions and Moisture on Bituminous Concrete: A Statistical Approach to Develop Performance and Predictive Rut Depth Model. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-025-00617-1
2. Abd, N. I., & Latief, R. H. (2024). The Effects of Fibers on the Properties of Local Hot Asphalt Mixtures. Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences, 31(4), 146–157. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjes.31.4.15
3. Abdulbasit, 2023, Fawwad, A., Mustafa, N., Davey, T., Tahir, B., & Basit, A. (2023). Changes in the prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes and associated risk factors in rural Baluchistan; a secondary analysis from repeated surveys (2002–2017). PLoS ONE, 18(4 April), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284441
4. al-samgh al-’arabi, Additives, F. (2013). Gum Arabic. In Cooking Innovations (Vol. 13, Issue 319, pp. 229–240). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15547-15
5. Blades A., J., Merdith, A. S., Williams, S. E., Collins, A. S., Tetley, M. G., Mulder, M. L., Young, A., Armistead, S. E., Cannon, J., Zahirovic, S., & Müller, R. D. (2021). Extending full-plate tectonic models into deep time: Linking the Neoproterozoic and the Phanerozoic. Earth-Science Reviews, 214(March), 103477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103477
6. Brown Trtik, P. (2024). Construction materials. Neutron Imaging: From Applied Materials Science to Industry, 43–65. https://doi.org/10.1088/978-0-7503-3495-2ch3
7. Brzyski, P. (2021). The influence of gum arabic admixture on the mechanical properties of lime-metakaolin paste used as binder in hemp concrete. Materials, 14(22), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14226775
8. Dusemund, B., Mortensen, A., & Aguilar, F. (2017). Re-evaluation of acacia gum ( E 414 ) as a food additive Discover the world ’ s research. E 414, 1–106.
9. Ekwe and Yahaya, 2024, Yusuf Kpalo, S., & Faiz Zainuddin, M. (2020). Briquettes from Agricultural Residues; An Alternative Clean and Sustainable Fuel for Domestic Cooking in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Energy and Power, 10(2), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ep.20201002.03
10. Ferma. (2010). FERMA risk management benchmarking survey 2010.
11. Ibrahim and Thom, 1997, Shalan, A. A., Al-Sahaf, N. A., & Al-Hdabi, A. (2019). Investigation of Binder Course Cold Asphalt Emulsion Mixture Properties Containing Cement and GGBS. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 584(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/584/1/012014
12. Kowalski, K. J., Król, J., Radziszewski, P., Casado, R., Blanco, V., Pérez, D., Viñas, V. M., Brijsse, Y., Frosch, M., Le, D. M., & Wayman, M. (2016). Eco-friendly Materials for a New Concept of Asphalt Pavement. Transportation Research Procedia, 14, 3582–3591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.426
13. Levis, 2008, Alemayehu A. Endale, Gurmel S. Ghataora, & Burrow, M. P. N. (2022). Asphalt Pavement Cold Recycling and Basic Characteristics of RAP Materials and Their Application. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 16(1), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2022.01.004
14. Malesch, 2017, Zhang, W., Shen, S., Faheem, A., Basak, P., Wu, S., & Mohammad, L. (2017). Predictive quality of the pavement ME design program for field performance of warm mix asphalt pavements. Construction and Building Materials, 131(10), 400–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.086
15. Mezie, E. O., Nwaiwu, C. M. O., & Nwakaire, C. M. (2023). Effects of Partial Replacement of Cement and Lime with some Agrowaste Ashes on the Geotechnical Behaviour of Lateritic Soil. Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering, 7(04), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2023.v07i04.002
16. Murtoff, 2024, Zerbet, I., & Benidire, L. (2025). Gum Arabic. In Green Chemistry, Sustainable Processes, and Technologies (pp. 353–370). https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-9826-5.ch014
17. Needham, 1996; Ibrahim, 1998; Thanaya, 2003; and Thom, 2008, Riebel, U., Radtke, R., & Loos, R. (2002). An experimental investigation on corona quenching. Journal of Electrostatics, 54(2), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3886(01)00175-9
18. Needham, T., Yielding, G., & Jones, H. (1996). Sampling of fault populations using sub-surface data: a review. Journal of Structural Geology, 18(2–3), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8141(96)80039-3
19. Nugus, G. G., & Irena, M. E. (2020). Determinants of Active Tuberculosis Occurrences after ART Initiation among Adult HIV-Positive Clients in West Showa Zone Public Hospitals, Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study. Advances in Public Health, 2020(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8237928
20. Nwaobakata C, E. B. D. (2018). Effect of Almond Ash as Partial Replacement of Lime Filler on the Performance of HMA. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, 3(4), 197–201.
21. Ocheri, M. ., Umar, D. ., Wuyep, S. Z., Laka, I. S., Odoma, L. A. ., Ali, P., Onah, M. A., & Tarzoho, P. (2025). A Review of Morphometric Studies of Drainage Basins in Nigeria. British Journal of Earth Sciences Research, 13(2), 42–65. https://doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol13n24265
22. Singh, S. and. (2023). MavMatrix MavMatrix Effect of Impurities in Plastic Waste on the Performance of Effect of Impurities in Plastic Waste on the Performance of Plastic road Plastic road. https://doi.org/https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/civilengineering_dissertations
23. Thanaya, I., & Zoorob, S. (2017). Improving the performance of cold bituminous emulsion mixtures (CBEMs) incorporating waste materials. Performance of Bituminous and Hydraulic Materials in Pavements, Oai Id, 237–249. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203743928-36
24. Walker, Richard M.George, B., & Monster, J. (2019). Does Strategic Planning Improve Organizational Performance? A Meta‐Analysis. Public Administration Review, 79(6), 810–819. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13104