Authors : Muibi K. A.; Johnson T.; Ogundero I. O.; Jimoh E. G.

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 9 - September

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/3m5msv48

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26sep124

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : The 330 kV national transmission network of Nigeria is a 34-bus, 38-line and 14-generator system. The network suffers endemic voltage instability and transient fragility due to the increasing replacement of synchronous generation by inverter-based resources (IBRs). Power flow studies performed in the Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) show undervoltage violations at Gombe (0.9068 p.u.) and Jos (0.9489 p.u.) busses, a negative reduced Jacobian eigenvalue (0.464) indicating small signal instability, a maximum loadability parameter of λ_critical = 1.7337, and unbounded rotor angle divergence for three phase short circuit contingencies. We develop a hierarchical nonlinear control methodology for grid forming (GFM) inverters with battery energy storage systems (BESS), comprising (i) a Lyapunov stable adaptive virtual synchronous machine (VSM) with a dynamically modulated virtual inertia J and damping D, (ii) a finite horizon model predictive control (MPC) voltage loop co-optimizing voltage tracking, dq axis current limiting, and state of charge (SoC) preservation, and (iii) a washout filtered transient damping injection channel.

Keywords : Adaptive Virtual Synchronous Machine; Grid Forming Inverter; Model Predictive Control; Transient Stability; Voltage Recovery

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