Authors : Shweta Maury; Patel Shrusti; Joshi Darshil

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 4 - April

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/26xp8u2j

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26apr1279

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : The Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized structure formed by brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytic end-feet, and the basement membrane, collectively constituting the neurovascular unit (NVU). While essential for maintaining cerebral homeostasis, the BBB poses a major challenge for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders by severely limiting drug penetration through tight junctions, metabolic enzymes, and efflux transporters. This review highlights the emerging potential of nanobots integrated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a transformative strategy to overcome BBB-related drug delivery limitations. Nanobots—nanoscale robotic systems typically 50–100 nm in size—are engineered for precise tasks such as targeted drug delivery and controlled navigation within biological environments. AI significantly enhances nanobot functionality by optimizing design parameters, controlling movement, and improving therapeutic outcomes. Machine learning approaches, including artificial neural networks (ANNs), enable predictive modelling of nanobot stability, drug release profiles, and BBB permeability. Advanced AI techniques such as hierarchical deep reinforcement learning (DRL) further support real-time tracking, localization, and autonomous navigation in complex physiological conditions. Additionally, AI-driven analysis of patient-specific data facilitates personalized neurotherapeutic strategies through optimized nanobot design and dosing. The convergence of nanotechnology and AI holds promise for precise and effective treatment of neurological disorders, including brain tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, and CNS infections. By integrating current advancements and identifying future research directions, this review underscores the growing significance of intelligent nanomedicine in neurotherapeutics.

Keywords : Artificial Intelligence; Nanobots; Blood–Brain Barrier; Targeted Drug Delivery; CNS Drug Delivery.

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