Authors : Mst Habiba Farhana; Ridoy Kumar Roy; Sharmistha Mitro

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 10 - October

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/5bmvvh3z

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/7cpns4c7

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25oct537

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Note : Google Scholar may take 30 to 40 days to display the article.

Abstract : The rapidly expanding integration of spatial computing and artificial intelligence (AI) is redefining the boundaries of computer-aided design (CAD) through immersive technologies such as augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR). This paper investigates how these technologies are transforming CAD workflows, with a focus on enhanced collaboration, simulation, and user-centered design. This study analyzes important technology enablers like AR/VR gear, AI-driven modeling tools, network infrastructure and emphasize how they contribute to better design efficiency and usability. The study also compares Western and Chinese AI platforms, such as ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Stable Diffusion, and Qwen2-Max to demonstrate the design processes and optimize user interfaces. A case study of a voice-activated smart home device illustrates how these technologies can be applied in real-world scenarios. The analysis includes current concerns such as network dependency and interoperability issues, as well as future developments such as edge computing, AI-driven predictive modeling, and enhanced mixed reality interfaces. This research provides essential guidance for designers, engineers, and academics aiming to leverage spatial computing for next-generation CAD systems.

Keywords : Spatial Computing, Immersive CAD, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, AI in Design.

References :

1. M. Billinghurst, A. Clark, and G. Lee, “A survey of augmented reality,” Foundations and Trends® in Human–Computer Interaction, vol. 8, no. 2–3, pp. 73–272, 2015.
2. Gartner, “2025 top strategic technology trends,” Gartner, Inc., 2024.
3. Markets and Markets, “CAD market report 2024,” 2024.
4. Microsoft, “HoloLens 3 technical specifications,” Microsoft Corp., 2024.
5. S. Henderson and S. Feiner, “Augmented reality in the psychomotor phase of a procedural task,” Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), pp. 191–200, 2011.
6. A. Brown, P. Jones, and R. Smith, “Mitigating VR sickness in immersive applications,” Virtual Reality, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 891–902, 2022.
7. Y. Chen, H. Li, and Q. Zhang, “5G for real-time AR/VR simulations,” IEEE Trans. on Network and Service Management, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 2345–2356, 2023.
8. T. Green, L. Adams, and K. Brown, “Haptic feedback in VR design,” IEEE Trans. on Haptics, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 123–130, 2024.
9. A. Kumar, R. Patel, and V. Singh, “Generative design techniques in mechanical CAD,” Computer-Aided Design, vol. 138, p. 103067, 2022.
10. H. Li and Y. Chen, “Edge computing in AR applications,” Future Internet, vol. 12, no. 3, p. 48, 2022.
11. A. Martin, J. Lee, and S. Kim, “Ethical concerns in AR/VR design,” ACM Trans. on Computer-Human Interaction, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 1–15, 2024.
12. B. Park, H. Kim, and J. Lee, “Immersive CAD for automotive design: Benefits and challenges,” Design Studies, vol. 78, p. 100–117, 2022.
13. S. Patel, A. Gupta, and R. Sharma, “Collaborative XR workspaces for CAD engineering,” Design Studies, vol. 76, pp. 54–67, 2022.
14. M. Torres, L. Garcia, and P. Ruiz, “Brain-computer interfaces in XR design,” Frontiers in Virtual Reality, vol. 4, p. 123456, 2023.
15. L. Wang, Y. Zhang, and H. Liu, “Interoperability in multi-platform CAD systems: Challenges and solutions,” Computer-Aided Design and Applications, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2023.
16. D. Wilson, M. Taylor, and S. Brown, “Precision tracking in AR systems,” IEEE Trans. on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 30, no. 6, pp. 2876–2885, 2024.
17. D. Xu, W. Chen, and X. Liu, “Usability challenges in immersive design education,” Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 10–22, 2024.
18. H. Yang, S. Kim, and T. Lee, “Voice-activated CAD interfaces,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 56789–56798, 2024.

19. Y. Zhao, Q. Li, and J. Wang, “Evaluating 6G networks for edge-enabled spatial computing,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 1600–1625, 2024.