Authors : Dr Joseph Nightingale; Cris Wootton; Harshini Priya Saravanan; Michelle Wakefields; Joseph Bentley

Volume/Issue : Volume 8 - 2023, Issue 11 - November

Google Scholar : http://tinyurl.com/5a2wmj6p

Scribd : http://tinyurl.com/mtpkrmnr

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10370356

Abstract : "Allergy and Intolerance Regarding IgG4 Immunoglobulin" explores the complex interplay of Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) in the context of food allergies and intolerances. The authors present hypotheses regarding IgG4 levels and their stability during testing, and they investigate the relationship between IgG4, IgE, and immune responses to various food antigens. This review provides a concise summary and evaluation of the article's key findings and research methods. In their study, the authors emphasize the anti- inflammatory role of IgG4, highlighting its capacity to inhibit IgE activity and protect against type 1 hypersensitivity reactions. They discuss the prevalence of food reactions in Europe, differentiating between IgE- mediated allergies and non-IgE-mediated food intolerances. The immune mechanisms involving specific IgG antibodies in food intolerance development are elucidated, shedding light on the formation and accumulation of food protein complexes and resulting inflammatory processes. The article discusses the production of both IgE and IgG antibodies in response to interleukins (ILs), with particular emphasis on IL4 triggering IgE-mediated reactions and IFNg and TNFa influencing IgG3 production. IgG4 like IgE is also induced by IL-4 and IL-3. The authors argue that IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 antibody production, while contributing to the formation of immune complexes, lacks concrete evidence of a direct connection to specific symptoms, particularly in intolerance testing. The use of IgG4 antibodies in the study is rationalized, as they serve to explore immune responses to food allergens before allergic reactions develop. IgG4 is characterized as a blocking antibody against IgE, preventing IgE from accessing allergens. This preventive screening approach is underscored by the high concentration of IgG4 in comparison to IgE, facilitating faster and more frequent binding to allergens. IgG4 antibodies are noted for their minimal histamine release, making them predominant whenallergies remain asymptomatic. The primary function of IgG4 in influencing immune inflammatory responses without histamine release holds the potential for understanding patient symptoms such as bloating, abdominal cramps, and headaches. The article outlines the materials and methods used in the study, including the collection of blood samples from volunteers over 10 weeks. The methodology involves the use of auto blot/automated western blot, nitrocellulose strips, and various reagents and equipment to measure IgG4 levels in response to food antigens. Allergy and Intolerance Regarding IgG4 Immunoglobulin" provides valuable insights into the role of IgG4 in food allergies and intolerances. The article's focus on preventive screening using IgG4 antibodies presents an intriguing avenue for further research in understanding and managing adverse reactions to food. However, it is essential to consider the limitations and potential biases in the study's methodology and interpretation of results. Further research and clinical validation are warranted to establish the clinical utility of IgG4 testing in the context of food-related health issues.

Keywords : IgG4 Immunoglobulin, Food Allergy, Food Intolerance, Immune Response, IgE Inhibition, Preventive Screening.