An Assessment of the Effects of Training Policy on Employee Performance: A Case Study of Professional Insurance Company in Lusaka


Authors : Ben Sakala; Dr. Chisala Chichi Bwalya

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 1 - January


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/ye2ymcyy

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/4adh53ht

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jan1322

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : This study assesses the effects of training policy on employee performance at Professional Insurance Company in Lusaka, driven by the growing need for Zambian insurance firms to enhance productivity, service quality, and competitiveness through strategic human resource development. As the insurance sector evolves due to technological changes, regulatory demands, and shifting customer expectations, training has become central to improving employee capability and operational efficiency. Despite ongoing training initiatives at Professional Insurance Company, inconsistencies in performance outcomes suggested potential gaps between policy design and practice. The study therefore aimed to evaluate training strategies implemented, assess employee perceptions, determine the extent to which training influences performance, and identify challenges affecting effectiveness. A descriptive survey design was used, involving structured questionnaires administered to 50 employees from various departments. Results revealed that 88% of respondents acknowledged the presence of structured training programs, including workshops, mentorship, coaching, e- learning, and periodic needs assessments. Overall, 90% agreed that training supported performance improvement and operational efficiency, while perceptions were overwhelmingly positive, with 98% reporting enhanced motivation and job satisfaction and 92% confirming training relevance to their roles. Additionally, 100% indicated improved productivity, 92% cited better customer service, and 98% reported enhanced problem-solving skills. However, only 44% received adequate post-training feedback, and major challenges included limited resources (78%), generic training content (70%), and weak monitoring and evaluation systems (94%). The study concludes that effective training policy significantly enhances employee performance and recommends strengthening post-training follow-up, increasing investment in competency-based training, and aligning training with departmental needs.

Keywords : Training and Development; Employee Performance; Human Capital Theory; Insurance Industry; Zambia.

References :

  1. Agyemang, C.B. & Ofei, S.B. (2019) ‘Employee motivation and performance: The role of training and development in Ghanaian financial institutions’, International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(3), pp. 45–62.
  2. Armstrong, M. & Landers, R. (2018) Human Resource Management Practice. 14th edn. London: Kogan Page.
  3. Armstrong, M. & Taylor, S. (2020) Armstrong’s Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. 15th edn. London: Kogan Page.
  4. Asfaw, A.M., Argaw, M.D. & Bayissa, L. (2019) ‘The impact of training and development on employee performance and effectiveness’, Human Resource Management Research, 9(1), pp. 1–7.
  5. Banda, A. & Chilala, C. (2019) ‘Training fairness and employee motivation in Zambian banking institutions’, Zambia Journal of Management, 7(1), pp. 22–35.
  6. Becker, G.S. (1993) Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis. 3rd edn. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  7. Chanda, M. & Tembo, S. (2021) ‘Digital transformation in the Zambian insurance industry’, African Journal of Business and Technology, 5(2), pp. 66–79.
  8. Chileshe, P. (2022) ‘Effectiveness of training and development programmes in Zambian insurance companies’, Zambia Business Review, 11(1), pp. 55–74.
  9. Eze, F. & Okpara, G. (2020) ‘Training and employee performance in Nigerian telecommunication firms’, Journal of African Business, 21(4), pp. 512–531.
  10. Kraiger, K., Boyle, E. & Salas, E. (2018) ‘Cognitive, skill-based and affective learning outcomes in training’, Human Resource Development Quarterly, 29(2), pp. 125–147.
  11. Khan, N., Khan, S. & Khan, M. (2021) ‘Training and its impact on employee performance in service institutions’, International Journal of Service Management, 14(3), pp. 101–118.
  12. Kalengo, L. & Mwaba, C. (2021) ‘Assessment of employee training in the Zambian financial sector’, Journal of Finance and Management, 4(1), pp. 76–90.
  13. Mensah, K. & Bawole, J. (2021) ‘Perceived training relevance and commitment among insurance workers’, Journal of African HRM, 8(2), pp. 33–49.
  14. Mutale, C. (2018) ‘Training and performance in Zambian insurance firms’, Lusaka Business Journal, 6(2), pp. 44–58.
  15. Mutambik, I., Mrope, N. & Lusekelo, G. (2020) ‘Training implementation challenges in Tanzania and Uganda’, East African HR Journal, 12(1), pp. 113–130.
  16. Mwansa, M. (2020) ‘Supervisory support and employee learning transfer in Zambian microfinance institutions’, Zambia Journal of HR Development, 3(2), pp. 88–102.
  17. Mwansa, M. & Chanda, B. (2019) ‘Training, mentoring and employee performance in Malawi’, Southern Africa Journal of HR, 5(1), pp. 60–79.
  18. Nguyen, H., Lee, H. & Park, J. (2021) ‘Training relevance, motivation and performance outcomes’, International Journal of Training and Development, 25(1), pp. 72–89.
  19. Nel, P., Werner, A. & Du Plessis, A. (2020) Human Resource Management in South Africa. Cape Town: Oxford University Press.
  20. Noe, R.A. (2020) Employee Training and Development. 8th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  21. Noe, R.A., Clarke, A. & Klein, H. (2020) ‘Learning in the twenty-first century workplace’, Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 7, pp. 247–275.
  22. Nda, M. & Fard, R. (2018) ‘Impact of human resource training on employee performance’, International Journal of Business and Management, 3(9), pp. 77–91.
  23. Okoye, P. & Ezejiofor, R. (2018) ‘The effect of training on employee productivity’, International Journal of Academic Research, 6(1), pp. 20–36.
  24. Otoo, F.N.K. (2019) ‘Human capital development and employee performance in Kenya’, African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 10(3), pp. 281–295.
  25. Ouko, M. & Kinyua, J. (2021) ‘Continuous training and productivity in Kenyan banks’, Journal of East African Business, 9(2), pp. 90–108.
  26. Owusu-Acheampong, G. & Nartey, E. (2020) ‘Training and employee retention in Ghana’, West African HR Journal, 12(1), pp. 55–69.
  27. Pate, J. & Martin, G. (2020) ‘Longitudinal training effects on innovation and job quality’, Human Resource Management Journal, 30(4), pp. 577–594.
  28. Pensions and Insurance Authority (PIA) (2020) Annual Training Compliance Report. Lusaka: PIA.
  29. Qureshi, M. & Hassan, I. (2019) ‘Training and performance in banking institutions’, Journal of Management Studies, 12(3), pp. 230–247.
  30. Saks, A. & Burke, L. (2019) ‘Factors influencing training transfer’, Human Resource Development Review, 18(1), pp. 69–93.
  31. Salas, E., Tannenbaum, S., Kraiger, K. & Smith-Jentsch, K. (2018) ‘The science of training and development in organizations’, Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 13(2), pp. 74–101.
  32. Sande, L. & Phiri, M. (2022) ‘Training perceptions and satisfaction among Zambian insurance employees’, Zambia Journal of Labour Studies, 2(2), pp. 41–59.
  33. Tembo, P. & Phiri, B. (2021) ‘Training effectiveness in Zambian insurance companies’, Journal of Insurance and Risk Management, 8(1), pp. 101–118.
  34. Therkildsen, O. (2021) ‘Constraints in training policy implementation in European organizations’, European Journal of Management, 19(3), pp. 55–70.
  35. Uche, C. & Osemeke, M. (2020) ‘Voluntary vs compulsory training and motivation in Nigerian telecom firms’, African Journal of Management, 6(1), pp. 88–109.
  36. Yamane, T. (1967) Statistics: An Introductory Analysis. 2nd edn. New York: Harper and Row.
  37. Zhang, J., Truxillo, D. & Bauer, T. (2020) ‘Supervisor support and learning transfer’, Industrial and Organizational Psychology Journal, 13(1), pp. 45–59.

This study assesses the effects of training policy on employee performance at Professional Insurance Company in Lusaka, driven by the growing need for Zambian insurance firms to enhance productivity, service quality, and competitiveness through strategic human resource development. As the insurance sector evolves due to technological changes, regulatory demands, and shifting customer expectations, training has become central to improving employee capability and operational efficiency. Despite ongoing training initiatives at Professional Insurance Company, inconsistencies in performance outcomes suggested potential gaps between policy design and practice. The study therefore aimed to evaluate training strategies implemented, assess employee perceptions, determine the extent to which training influences performance, and identify challenges affecting effectiveness. A descriptive survey design was used, involving structured questionnaires administered to 50 employees from various departments. Results revealed that 88% of respondents acknowledged the presence of structured training programs, including workshops, mentorship, coaching, e- learning, and periodic needs assessments. Overall, 90% agreed that training supported performance improvement and operational efficiency, while perceptions were overwhelmingly positive, with 98% reporting enhanced motivation and job satisfaction and 92% confirming training relevance to their roles. Additionally, 100% indicated improved productivity, 92% cited better customer service, and 98% reported enhanced problem-solving skills. However, only 44% received adequate post-training feedback, and major challenges included limited resources (78%), generic training content (70%), and weak monitoring and evaluation systems (94%). The study concludes that effective training policy significantly enhances employee performance and recommends strengthening post-training follow-up, increasing investment in competency-based training, and aligning training with departmental needs.

Keywords : Training and Development; Employee Performance; Human Capital Theory; Insurance Industry; Zambia.

Paper Submission Last Date
28 - February - 2026

SUBMIT YOUR PAPER CALL FOR PAPERS
Video Explanation for Published paper

Never miss an update from Papermashup

Get notified about the latest tutorials and downloads.

Subscribe by Email

Get alerts directly into your inbox after each post and stay updated.
Subscribe
OR

Subscribe by RSS

Add our RSS to your feedreader to get regular updates from us.
Subscribe