The presence of pollutants in aqueous solution
particularly from hazardous heavy metals and
metalloids is an important environmental and social
problem. The hardness is one of the serious groundwater
contaminants in rural areas. Hardness in both its
gaseous and liquid form can be irritating to the eyes,
respiratory tract and skin due to its alkaline nature. The
biological effects of hardness in humans after acute
exposures are dose-related depend on their
concentration; the amount is taken by the body and
duration of exposure. Biosorption is a physiochemical
process that occurs naturally in certain biomass which
allows it to passively concentrate and bind contaminants
onto its cellular structure. It is metabolically passive
process not require energy and number of contaminants
in sorbent can remove is dependent on kinetic
equilibrium and composition of the sorbents cellular
surface. Every biosorbent had different physical,
chemical and biological properties for heavy metals
removal by biosorption from the water. The biosorption
process can be made economical by regenerating and
reusing of bio sorbent after removing the heavy metals.
Various bioreactors can be used in biosorption for the
removal of metal ions from large volume of water
Keywords :
Hardness, Biosorption, Kinetic equilibrium, Isotherm Data and Regeneration.