Authors : Amruta Patil

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 3 - March

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/2rjrfezn

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/yc6sajbz

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26mar587

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are commonly deployed for monitoring environmental physical conditions, smart cities, healthcare, and in industrial automation. However, the limited battery capacity of sensor nodes significantly restricts network lifetime and overall system performance. Energy-efficient routing protocols are therefore essential for improving the sustainability of these networks. In this research paper I have proposed an adaptive routing protocol which is energy-efficient that dynamically selects optimal communication paths based on residual node energy, communication distance, and network traffic load. A cost-based routing mechanism is designed to balance energy consumption among nodes and reduce network congestion. The proposed protocol is evaluated through simulation using standard WSN parameters. The results of experiments highlights that the proposed method improves lifetime of network by approximately 25%, increases packet delivery ratio from 88% to 94%, and reduces average energy consumption compared with traditional routing protocols. The proposed approach provides a reliable and scalable solution for energylimited wireless sensor networks.

Keywords : Sensor Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, Energy-Efficient Routing, Adaptive Routing, IoT Networks, Big Data, Optimisation, Network Optimisation.

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