Authors :
Dr. Ndionuka Ijeoma B; Ezeala-Adikaibe Birinus; Ekenze Oluchi; Onwuekwe Ikenna; Udora Nneka
Volume/Issue :
Volume 8 - 2023, Issue 4 - April
Google Scholar :
https://bit.ly/43uxUln
Scribd :
https://bit.ly/3H82FD7
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7855062
Abstract :
Background:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can affect
sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves causing
neuropathy. Autonomic dysfunction develops when
nerves of the autonomic nervous system are damaged by
HIV. Symptoms of CAN include abnormal exerciseinduced cardiovascular performance, postural
hypotension, cardiac denervation syndrome,
arrhythmias, myocardial ischaemia and sudden cardiac
death. Knowledge of the prevalence of CAN will promote
early management of such patients and improve the
general outcome.
Methods:
CAN was assessed using Ewing’s battery of five
cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests and short term
time and frequency domain heart rate variability test
on patients and control arm. Spectral analysis of the
heart rate variability is a sensitive technique for
measurement of cardiovascular differential assessment
of parasympathetic and sympathetic components, as well
as blood pressure response.
Results:
The frequency of CAN was 62.0% for the subjects
and 42.0% for the control, p value 0.045 using Ewing’s
cardiovascular reflex test and the frequency of CAN was
28.0% for the subjects and only 6.0% for the control, p
value 0.003 using short term time and frequency domain
heart rate variability tests. However Ewing’s method is a
more reliable test for the presence of CAN (Fig 1).
Gender is an essential factor in the stage of CAN, age
and gender are positive predictive factors of CAN.
Conclusion:
Apart from opportunistic infections, cardiac
autonomic dysfunction itself can contribute to morbidity
and mortality in HIV infection.
Keywords :
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in HIV is Largely Unrecognized and Not Considered in the Management of HIV Positive Patients. More Focus is on Distal Peripheral Neuropathy and its Presentation. This Study Seeks to Demonstrate and Emphasize the Frequency of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in HIV Infection. This Research Brings Out the Need to Screen HIV Patients for CAN Especially before Undergoing Some Invasive Procedures. The Frequency of CAN is Significantly Higher in HIV Infected Subjects than in the Non HIV Infected General Population.
Background:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can affect
sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves causing
neuropathy. Autonomic dysfunction develops when
nerves of the autonomic nervous system are damaged by
HIV. Symptoms of CAN include abnormal exerciseinduced cardiovascular performance, postural
hypotension, cardiac denervation syndrome,
arrhythmias, myocardial ischaemia and sudden cardiac
death. Knowledge of the prevalence of CAN will promote
early management of such patients and improve the
general outcome.
Methods:
CAN was assessed using Ewing’s battery of five
cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests and short term
time and frequency domain heart rate variability test
on patients and control arm. Spectral analysis of the
heart rate variability is a sensitive technique for
measurement of cardiovascular differential assessment
of parasympathetic and sympathetic components, as well
as blood pressure response.
Results:
The frequency of CAN was 62.0% for the subjects
and 42.0% for the control, p value 0.045 using Ewing’s
cardiovascular reflex test and the frequency of CAN was
28.0% for the subjects and only 6.0% for the control, p
value 0.003 using short term time and frequency domain
heart rate variability tests. However Ewing’s method is a
more reliable test for the presence of CAN (Fig 1).
Gender is an essential factor in the stage of CAN, age
and gender are positive predictive factors of CAN.
Conclusion:
Apart from opportunistic infections, cardiac
autonomic dysfunction itself can contribute to morbidity
and mortality in HIV infection.
Keywords :
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in HIV is Largely Unrecognized and Not Considered in the Management of HIV Positive Patients. More Focus is on Distal Peripheral Neuropathy and its Presentation. This Study Seeks to Demonstrate and Emphasize the Frequency of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in HIV Infection. This Research Brings Out the Need to Screen HIV Patients for CAN Especially before Undergoing Some Invasive Procedures. The Frequency of CAN is Significantly Higher in HIV Infected Subjects than in the Non HIV Infected General Population.
