⚠ Official Notice: www.ijisrt.com is the official website of the International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) Journal for research paper submission and publication. Please beware of fake or duplicate websites using the IJISRT name.



Analysis of the Role of Outbound Participation on the Functional Mobility of the Elderly


Authors : Retna Febri Arifiati; Endang Sri Wahyuni; Dr. Prasaja

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 6 - June


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/4pzpdy9a

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/2ddbs2dw

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jun1692

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : Background: The aging process triggers a decline in functional mobility in the elderly. This decline will limit functional independence in daily activities. Outdoor activities such as outbound have the potential to maintain the physical fitness of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of outbound participation on the functional mobility of the elderly in Dukuh Tempuran, Bolon Village, Colomadu District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.  Method: This study used a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population of the elderly in Dukuh Tempuran, Bolon Village, Colomadu District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia was 130 people. The sampling technique used purposive sampling to obtain a total sample of 90 elderly. Functional mobility was measured using the Berg Balance Scale instrument. Data analysis of different tests.  Results: The results showed a significant increase in functional mobility after participating in outbound activities where the significance value was 0.000 p <0.05. Elderly who actively participated in outbound activities showed better balance so that this activity could stimulate the motoric and physical coordination of the elderly positively.  Conclusion: Participation in outbound activities plays a significant role in increasing the functional mobility of the elderly. This activity can be a recommendation for a preventive health program for the elderly.

Keywords : Elderly, Functional Mobility, Outbound, Physical Activity.

References :

  1. Bergland A, Thorsen K, Loland N. The Relationship Between Coping, Self-Esteem And Health On Outdoor Walking Ability Among Older Adults In Norway. Ageing & Society 2010; 30: 949–63
  2. Byun, JE, & Kang, EB (2016). Pengaruh Program Latihan Kesehatan Otak Lansia Terhadap Kebugaran Fisik Dasar, Fungsi Kognitif Dan BDNF Pada Wanita Lanjut Usia - Studi Kelayakan. Jurnal Nutrisi Dan Biokimia Olahraga , 20 (2), 8.
  3. Choy N. L., Brauer S., Nitz J. (2003). Changes In Postural Stability In Women Aged 20 To 80 Years. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 58 525–530
  4. Cochrane Systematic Review. (2022). Mobility Training For Increasing Mobility And Functioning In Older People. Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews
  5. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches. 5th Edition. SAGE Publications.
  6. Cummings S. R., Studenski S., Ferrucci L. (2014). A Diagnosis Of Dismobility–Giving Mobility Clinical Visibility: A Mobility Working Group Recommendation. JAMA 311 2061–2062. 10.1001/Jama.2014.3033
  7. De Silva NA, Gregory MA, Venkateshan SS, Verschoor CP, Kuspinar A. Examining The Association Between Life-Space Mobility And Cognitive Function In Older Adults: A Systematic Review. J Aging Res 2019; 2019: 3923574
  8. Ferrucci L., Cooper R., Shardell M., Simonsick E. M., Schrack J. A., Kuh D. (2016). Age-Related Change In Mobility: Perspectives From Life Course Epidemiology And Geroscience. J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 71 1184–1194. 10.1093/Gerona/Glw043
  9. Freiberger E., Beck Jepsen, D., Robinson, K., Ogliari, G., Montero-Odasso, M., Kamkar, N., Ryg, J., ... & Masud, T. (2022). Memprediksi Jatuh Pada Orang Dewasa Lanjut Usia: Tinjauan Menyeluruh Instrumen Yang Menilai Gaya Berjalan, Keseimbangan, Dan Mobilitas Fungsional. BMC Geriatrics, 22 (1), 615.
  10. Freiberger E., De Vreede P., Schoene D., Rydwik E., Mueller V., Frändin K., Et Al. (2012). Performance-Based Physical Function In Older Community-Dwelling Persons: A Systematic Review Of Instruments. Age Ageing. 41 712–721. 10.1093/Ageing/Afs099
  11. Freiberger E., Sieber C., Pfeifer K. (2011). Physical Activity, Exercise, And Sarcopenia - Future Challenges. Wien. Med. Wochenschr. 16 416–425. 10.1007/S10354-011-0001-Z
  12. García-Llorente, AM, Lopes Machado, DR, Casimiro-Andújar, AJ, & Marcos-Pardo, PJ (2025, Agustus). The Impact Of Outdoor Group Training And Functional Mobility Exercises On Senior Brain And Physical Functions. Activ Therapy & Movement Science Journal. Vol. 13, No. 16, hlm. 1975). MDPI.
  13. Gill T. M., Allore H. G., Hardy S. E., Guo Z. (2006). The Dynamic Nature Of Mobility Disability In Older Persons. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 54 248–254. 10.1111/J.1532-5415.2005.00586.X
  14. Gill T. M., Gahbauer E. A., Murphy T. E., Han L., Allore H. G. (2012). Risk Faktors And Precipitants Of Long-Term Disability In Community Mobility: A Cohort Study Of Older Persons. Ann. Intern. Med. 156 131–140. 10.7326/0003-4819-156-2-201201170-00009
  15. Hajek A, Brettschneider C, Lange Cet Al. Longitudinal Predictors Of Institutionalization In Old Age. Plos One 2015; 10: E0144203
  16. Isaacs AJ, Critchley JA, Tai SS, Buckingham K, Westley D, Harridge SDR, et al. Exercise Evaluation Randomised Trial (EXERT): a randomised trial comparing GP referral for leisure centre-based exercise, community-based walking and advice only. Health Technol Assess. 2007;11(10):1– 165, iii–iv. https://doi.org/10.3310/hta11100 PMID: 17313906
  17. Inoue K, Shona T, Matsumoto M. Absence Of Outdoor Activity And Mortality Risk In Older Adults Living At Home. J Aging Phys Act 2006; 14: 203–11
  18. Jacobs JM, Cohen A, Hammerman-Rozenberg R, Azoulay D, Maaravi Y, Stessman J. Going Outdoors Daily Predicts Long-Term Functional And Health Benefits Among Ambulatory Older People. J Aging Health 2008; 20: 259–72
  19. Kemenko PMK. (2025). Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Dan RPJMN: Kolaborasi Lintas Sektor Untuk Memperkuat Mobilitas Penduduk Lanjut Usia.
  20. Manchester D., Woollacott M., Zederbauer-Hylton N., Marin O. (1989). Visual, Vestibular And Somatosensory Contributions To Balance Control In The Older Adult. J Gerontol. 44 118–127
  21. Mitchell J. A., Johnson-Lawrence V., Williams E. G., Thorpe R., Jr. (2018). Characterizing Mobility Limitations Among Older African American Men. J. Nat. Med. Assoc. 110 190–196. 10.1016/J.Jnma.2017.05.002
  22. Mollenkopf H, Marcellini F, Ruoppila I, Flaschenträger P, Gagliardi C, Spazzafumo L. Outdoor Mobility And Sosial Relationships Of Elderly People. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1997; 24: 295–310.
  23. Musich S., Wang S. S., Ruiz J., Hawkins K., Wicker E. (2018). The Impact Of Mobility Limitations On Health Outcomes Among Older Adults. Geriatr. Nur. 39 162–169. 10.1016/J.Gerinurse.2017.08.002
  24. Park, J., & Santos, D. A. (2022). Functional Mobility Assessment And Timed Up And Go (TUG) Test Guidelines In Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Journal Of Aging And Physical Activity
  25. Podsiadlo, D., & Richardson, S. (1991) / Park, J., & Santos, D. A. (2022). The Timed Up And Go (TUG) Test: A Test Of Basic Functional Mobility For Frail Elderly Persons. Journal Of The American Geriatrics Society.
  26. Portegijs E, Keskinen KE, Eronen J, Saajanaho M, Rantakokko M, Rantanen T. Older Adults' Physical Activity And The Relevance Of Distances To Neighborhood Destinations And Barriers To Outdoor Mobility. Front Public Health 2020; 8: 335
  27. Rantakokko M, MäNty M, Iwarsson Set Al. Fear Of Moving Outdoors And Development Of Outdoor Walking Difficulty In Older People. J Am Geriatr Soc 2009; 57: 634–40
  28. Rantanen T. Promoting Mobility In Older People. J Prev Med Public Health 2013; 46: S50–4
  29. Saletti-Cuesta L, Tutton E, Langstaff D, Willett K. Understanding Informal Carers' Experiences Of Caring For Older People With A Hip Fracture: A Systematic Review Of Qualitative Studies. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 40: 740–50
  30. Shumway-Cook A., Ciol M. A., Yorkston K. M., Hoffman J. M., Chan L. (2005). Mobility Limitations In The Medicare Population: Prevalence And Sociodemographic And Clinical Correlates. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 53 1217–1221. 10.1111/J.1532-5415.2005.53372.X
  31. Smith AR, Chen C, Clarke P, Gallagher NA. Trajectories Of Outdoor Mobility In Vulnerable Community-Dwelling Elderly: The Role Of Individual And Environmental Faktors. J Aging Health 2016; 28: 796–811
  32. Tuna HD, Et Al. Effect Of Age And Physical Activity Level On Functional Fitness In Older Adults. European Review Of Aging And Physical Activity 2009; 6: 99–106
  33. World Health Organization. (2025). World Report On Ageing And Health: Integrating Physical Activity In Community Care For Older Adults. Geneva: WHO.

Background: The aging process triggers a decline in functional mobility in the elderly. This decline will limit functional independence in daily activities. Outdoor activities such as outbound have the potential to maintain the physical fitness of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of outbound participation on the functional mobility of the elderly in Dukuh Tempuran, Bolon Village, Colomadu District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.  Method: This study used a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The population of the elderly in Dukuh Tempuran, Bolon Village, Colomadu District, Karanganyar Regency, Central Java, Indonesia was 130 people. The sampling technique used purposive sampling to obtain a total sample of 90 elderly. Functional mobility was measured using the Berg Balance Scale instrument. Data analysis of different tests.  Results: The results showed a significant increase in functional mobility after participating in outbound activities where the significance value was 0.000 p <0.05. Elderly who actively participated in outbound activities showed better balance so that this activity could stimulate the motoric and physical coordination of the elderly positively.  Conclusion: Participation in outbound activities plays a significant role in increasing the functional mobility of the elderly. This activity can be a recommendation for a preventive health program for the elderly.

Keywords : Elderly, Functional Mobility, Outbound, Physical Activity.

Paper Submission Last Date
31 - July - 2026

SUBMIT YOUR PAPER CALL FOR PAPERS
Video Explanation for Published paper

Never miss an update from Papermashup

Get notified about the latest tutorials and downloads.

Subscribe by Email

Get alerts directly into your inbox after each post and stay updated.
Subscribe
OR

Subscribe by RSS

Add our RSS to your feedreader to get regular updates from us.
Subscribe