Analysis of Transcendental Numbers in Various Mathematical Domains


Authors : Suman Rani; Dr. Rajiv Pal

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 9 - September


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DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25sep737

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Abstract : A transcendental number refers to a number that does not fall among the roots of any nonzero polynomial equation with its coefficients as integers. This section encompasses an in-depth literature review to establish a basic understanding of transcendental numbers. Reviewing the historical development of transcendental number theory, the contributors to it, and trends in modern research applicability of transcendental number theory into various mathematics branches.

Keywords : Transcendental Number Theory, Algebraic Numbers, Lindemann–Weierstrass Theorem, Diophantine Approximation, Rational and Irrational Numbers, Complex Analysis.

References :

  1. S. Lang, “Introduction to transcendental numbers,” (No Title), 1966.
  2. J. Ax, “On Schanuel’s conjectures,” Ann. Math., vol. 93, no. 2, pp. 252–268, 1971.
  3. K. Mahler, “Über transzendente $ P $-adische Zahlen,” Compos. Math., vol. 2, pp. 259–275, 1935.
  4. W. W. Adams, Transcendental numbers in the p-adic domain. Columbia University, 1964.
  5. Brumer, “On the units of algebraic number fields,” Mathematika, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 121–124, 1967.
  6. H.-W. Leopoldt, “Zur Arithmetik in abelschen Zahlkörpern.,” 1962.
  7. B. Mazur and J.-P. Serre, Collected Works of John Tate. American Mathematical Soc., 2016.
  8. Gelfond, “Sur les propriétés arithmétiques des fonctions entières,” Tohoku Math. Journal, First Ser., vol. 30, pp. 280–285, 1929.
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  11. M. A. Aitkin, “Test Theory. D. Magnusson, Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1966.” Taylor & Francis, 1968.
  12. H. Behnke, “Über die Verteilung von Irrationalitäten mod. 1,” in Abhandlungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar der Universität Hamburg, Springer, 1922, pp. 251–266.
  13. A. Ostrowski, “Bemerkungen zur Theorie der diophantischen Approximationen,” in Abhandlungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar der Universität Hamburg, Springer, 1922, pp. 77–98.
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  18. W. Adams and S. Lang, “Some computations in diophantine approximations.,” 1965.
  19. K. F. Roth, “Rational approximations to algebraic numbers,” Mathematika, vol. 2, no.1, pp. 1–20, 1955.
  20. T. Schneider, “Über die Approximation algebraischer Zahlen.,” 1936.
  21. W. M. Schmidt, “Simultaneous approximation to algebraic numbers by rationals,” 1970.
  22. E. A. Wirsing, “On approximations of algebraic numbers by algebraic numbers of bounded degree,” in Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics, American Mathematical Society, 1971, pp. 213–247.
  23. J. F. Koksma, “Über die Mahlersche Klasseneinteilung der transzendenten Zahlen und die Approximation komplexer Zahlen durch algebraische Zahlen,” Monatshefte für Math. und Phys., vol. 48, pp. 176–189, 1939.
  24. A. Baker, “Contributions to the theory of Diophantine equations I. On the representation of integers by binary forms,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London. Ser. A, Math. Phys. Sci., vol. 263, no. 1139, pp. 173–191, 1968.
  25. J. Coates, “An effective p-adic analogue of a theorem of Thue II. The greatest prime factor of a binary form,” Acta Arith., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 399–412, 1970.
  26. I. Niven, “Irrational numbers. The Carus Mathematical Monographs, No. 11. The Mathematical Association of America. Distributed by John Wiley and Sons,” Inc., New York, NY, vol. 1, p. 956, 1956.

A transcendental number refers to a number that does not fall among the roots of any nonzero polynomial equation with its coefficients as integers. This section encompasses an in-depth literature review to establish a basic understanding of transcendental numbers. Reviewing the historical development of transcendental number theory, the contributors to it, and trends in modern research applicability of transcendental number theory into various mathematics branches.

Keywords : Transcendental Number Theory, Algebraic Numbers, Lindemann–Weierstrass Theorem, Diophantine Approximation, Rational and Irrational Numbers, Complex Analysis.

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