Authors : Vijaya Gopal Chavhan; Apurva Arun Wankhede; Achal Shriram Nannaware; Pallavi Pradip Pal; Mrunali Makode

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 2 - February

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/p7a5hvsk

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/peutbh58

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26feb1456

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : The transport industry is still among the most expanding contributors of greenhouse gases in the world with about 23 percent of the total anthropogenic carbon dioxide being emitted by the transport sector with close to 8Gt of CO 2 being emitted each year. The paper will give an extensive discussion of carbon emissions due to transport, modal contribution, and methodology of estimating the emission as well as mitigation methods. As it can be seen, road transport is the leading source of emission, and heavy-duty vehicles make the greatest contribution, despite comprising a small share of the world fleet. More recent innovations in methodology, such as machine learning applications and spatial econometric models have increased the accuracy of emissions estimation and made it possible to implement more specific policy interventions. The paper compares strategies of technological improvement and structural avoid and shift and concludes that the existing complex decarbonisation efforts need to entail vehicle electrification, mode shifting, and demand management as sequential efforts. Results suggest that although electrification has a high potential in emissions reductions, to reach the net-zero transport systems by the middle of the century, combined methods involving technological development and systemic organisational shifts are required.

Keywords : Transport Emissions, Carbon Intensity, Modal Shift, Decarbonization, Sustainable Freight.

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