Authors :
Abiodun,Moses Oluwaseun; Abiodun,Iyabode Khadijat; Ekesiobi, Anthony Obinna; Onyenweife, Leonard Chikado
Volume/Issue :
Volume 6 - 2021, Issue 11 - November
Google Scholar :
http://bitly.ws/gu88
Scribd :
https://bit.ly/31nZTbb
Abstract :
African trypanosomiasis is a major disease of
economic and public health importance caused by
Trypanosoma brucei gambianse parasite that affects
humans. In 2014, World health organization stated that
60million people were at the risk of the disease, 300,000
cases were reported in Africa and sub Saharan African
countries, 30,000 cases were diagnosed and treated, others
died or lives with the disability, based on non availability
of novel drugs, very costly, highly toxic, and development
of resistance to the drugs by the parasite therefore, the use
of plant extract is fast becoming the choice method for the
treatment of the disease. This study investigated
trypanosomal activity, Liver enzymes and histological
effects of Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract and
Diaminizene aceturate (Berenil) drug in typanosomiasis
induced albino Wistar rat. The extract was obtained
through Maceration method with distilled water and In
vitro activity of the extract and Berenil drug was
determined using rapid matching techniques at 3 hours
post incubation with different doses of the extract and 3.5
mg/kg/bw of Berenil drug. In vivo study was done using
sixty two (62) albino Wister rats divided into 10 groups.
Group A (normal control): non infected and non treated
but received 10mL of distilled water; Group (B-H) were
infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of 1mL of
parasitized blood containing 1.0105
/ml of T. brucei
gambianse parasites and treated with different doses of
Garcinia kola seed extract, 200, 400 – 1400 mg/kg/bw;
Group I: infected and treated with standard drug dose
(Standard control); Group J: infected and non treated
(Pathological control). The treatment lasted for 21 days at
3 days interval. Liver enzymes effects were determined by
colorimetric method. Liver histological analysis was
carried out using standard tissue processing and stained
with Haematoxyline and Eosin stain. Data were analyzed
statistically using ANOVAs Turkeys post hoc SPSS
version 2.0 software and at 0.01 significant difference.
Results revealed various liver enzyme and histological
effects were observed in all the extract treated and control
groups. Garcinia kola seed extract exhibited
trypanosostatic at dose of <400 mg and trypanocidal
activity at doses > 400 mg in both in vitro and in vivo,
compared with trypanocidal activity of standard Berenil
drug dose at 3.5 mg/kg/bw. Garcinia kola seed extract
proved to be highly toxic to the liver at high doses >200
mg /kg/bw due to various pathological lesions observed on
the liver of the extract treated groups when compared
with Berenil drug which also produced similar liver
toxicity and enzymes effect at standard dose. Garcinia
kola aqueous seed extract possesses trypanosostatic and
trypanocidal effects in both In vivo and In vitro and also
highly toxic to the liver at high concentration >200
mg/kg/bw. Berenil drug proved to be trypanocidal at
standard recommended dose but very deadly due to its
toxicity on liver and overdose may lead to lethal effect
within 30min of administration. This study revealed that
Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract may be used to design
drug for the treatment of trypanosomiasis at lower
concentration and the use of Diaminizene aceturate
(Berenil) drug in human treatment should be
discontinued due to its high level of liver toxicity and
enzyme effect in animal study
Keywords :
Typanosome, Toxicity, Trypanosostatics, Trypanocidal, Garciniakolaseed, Berenil drug
African trypanosomiasis is a major disease of
economic and public health importance caused by
Trypanosoma brucei gambianse parasite that affects
humans. In 2014, World health organization stated that
60million people were at the risk of the disease, 300,000
cases were reported in Africa and sub Saharan African
countries, 30,000 cases were diagnosed and treated, others
died or lives with the disability, based on non availability
of novel drugs, very costly, highly toxic, and development
of resistance to the drugs by the parasite therefore, the use
of plant extract is fast becoming the choice method for the
treatment of the disease. This study investigated
trypanosomal activity, Liver enzymes and histological
effects of Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract and
Diaminizene aceturate (Berenil) drug in typanosomiasis
induced albino Wistar rat. The extract was obtained
through Maceration method with distilled water and In
vitro activity of the extract and Berenil drug was
determined using rapid matching techniques at 3 hours
post incubation with different doses of the extract and 3.5
mg/kg/bw of Berenil drug. In vivo study was done using
sixty two (62) albino Wister rats divided into 10 groups.
Group A (normal control): non infected and non treated
but received 10mL of distilled water; Group (B-H) were
infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of 1mL of
parasitized blood containing 1.0105
/ml of T. brucei
gambianse parasites and treated with different doses of
Garcinia kola seed extract, 200, 400 – 1400 mg/kg/bw;
Group I: infected and treated with standard drug dose
(Standard control); Group J: infected and non treated
(Pathological control). The treatment lasted for 21 days at
3 days interval. Liver enzymes effects were determined by
colorimetric method. Liver histological analysis was
carried out using standard tissue processing and stained
with Haematoxyline and Eosin stain. Data were analyzed
statistically using ANOVAs Turkeys post hoc SPSS
version 2.0 software and at 0.01 significant difference.
Results revealed various liver enzyme and histological
effects were observed in all the extract treated and control
groups. Garcinia kola seed extract exhibited
trypanosostatic at dose of <400 mg and trypanocidal
activity at doses > 400 mg in both in vitro and in vivo,
compared with trypanocidal activity of standard Berenil
drug dose at 3.5 mg/kg/bw. Garcinia kola seed extract
proved to be highly toxic to the liver at high doses >200
mg /kg/bw due to various pathological lesions observed on
the liver of the extract treated groups when compared
with Berenil drug which also produced similar liver
toxicity and enzymes effect at standard dose. Garcinia
kola aqueous seed extract possesses trypanosostatic and
trypanocidal effects in both In vivo and In vitro and also
highly toxic to the liver at high concentration >200
mg/kg/bw. Berenil drug proved to be trypanocidal at
standard recommended dose but very deadly due to its
toxicity on liver and overdose may lead to lethal effect
within 30min of administration. This study revealed that
Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract may be used to design
drug for the treatment of trypanosomiasis at lower
concentration and the use of Diaminizene aceturate
(Berenil) drug in human treatment should be
discontinued due to its high level of liver toxicity and
enzyme effect in animal study
Keywords :
Typanosome, Toxicity, Trypanosostatics, Trypanocidal, Garciniakolaseed, Berenil drug
