Authors :
Amit Krishan; Ankita Srivastava
Volume/Issue :
Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 6 - June
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/nhfc56dd
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/4cfvjsr3
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jun378
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
The predicted water quality
parameter data for the study period (2013–2017) and the anticipated period (2018–2022) revealed a seasonal trend
pattern, indicating that the seasonal inflows significantly affect water quality. For all sampling stations, the observed water
quality parameter value increased from upstream to downstream, demonstrating the effects of rapid industrialization and
urbanization and showing the same behavior for the predicted period. The study results indicate the suitability of the time
series technique for predicting river water quality.
Keywords :
River Gomti; Water Quality; Statistical Analysis; Time-Series Analysis; ARIMA.
References :
- A. Krishan, R. K. Mishra, and A. Khursheed, “Assessment of water quality using water quality index: A case study of the River Gomti, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,” Urban Water Journal, vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 520–530, 2022, doi: 10.1080/1573062X.2022.2032210.
- A. Krishan, A. Khursheed, and R. K. Mishra, “Evaluation of water quality using water quality index, synthetic pollution index, and GIS technique: A case study of the River Gomti, Lucknow, India,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 29, no. 54, pp. 81954–81969, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21493-3.
- D. P. Loucks and E. van Beek, “Water quality modeling and prediction,” in Water Resource Systems Planning and Management: An Introduction to Methods, Models, and Applications. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 417–467, doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-44234-1_10.
- A. Krishan, S. Yadav, and A. Srivastava, “Water pollution’s global threat to public health: A mini-review,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 321–334, 2023, doi: 10.32628/IJSRSET2310643.
- T. Abbasi and S. A. Abbasi, Water Quality Indices. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier, 2012, doi: 10.1016/C2010-0-69472-7.
- A. Krishan, R. K. Mishra, and D. Mohan, “Groundwater quality assessment: A case study of Manpur, India,” Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 25–33, 2018, doi: 10.13074/jent.2018.12.184328.
- A. Krishan and R. K. Mishra, “Study on groundwater quality and status of Amas Block in Gaya District of Bihar with special reference to fluoride contamination,” Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1631–1637, 2020.
- A. Krishan and A. Srivastava, “Recovery of nutrients from dairy wastewater by struvite crystallization,” International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 591–597, 2015.
- A. Krishan and A. Srivastava, “Climate resilience: Safeguarding air and water quality,” International Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 77–85, 2025.
- S. Gupta and S. K. Gupta, “A critical review on water quality index tool: Genesis, evolution and future directions,” Ecological Informatics, vol. 63, p. 101299, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101299.
- J. Gao, G. Deng, H. Jiang, Y. Wen, S. Zhu, C. He, C. Shi, and Y. Cao, “Water quality pollution assessment and source apportionment of lake wetlands: A case study of Xianghai Lake in the Northeast China Plain,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 344, p. 118398, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118398.
- H. Ding, X. Niu, D. Zhang, M. Lv, Y. Zhang, Z. Lin, and M. Fu, “Spatiotemporal analysis and prediction of water quality in Pearl River, China, using multivariate statistical techniques and data-driven model,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 30, pp. 63036–63051, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26209-9.
- A. Srivastava, A. Krishan, S. K. Yadav, and V. P. Gupta, “Sustainable business resilience: Navigating global environmental challenges for a greener future,” in Green Economy and Sustainable Development, V. P. Gupta, A. K. Haghi, and S. Sharief, Eds. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2025, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-92636-5_8.
- A. Srivastava, A. Krishan, and D. Srivastava, “Environmental regulations and compliance,” in Advances in Green Engineering for Sustainable Industrial Developments, D. B. Tripathy, A. Gupta, and A. Ghosal, Eds. Elsevier, 2026, ch. 2, pp. 41–60, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-443-33637-9.00007-4.
- R. Khan, A. Saxena, S. Shukla, S. Sekar, V. Senapathi, and J. Wu, “Environmental contamination by heavy metals and associated human health risk assessment: A case study of surface water in Gomti River Basin, India,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 28, pp. 56105–56116, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-14592-0.
- P. Goel, A. Saxena, D. S. Singh, and D. Verma, “Impact of rapid urbanization on water quality index in groundwater fed Gomati River, Lucknow, India,” Current Science, vol. 114, no. 3, pp. 650–654, 2018, doi: 10.18520/cs/v114/i03/650-654.
- K. Iqbal, S. Ahmad, and V. Dutta, “Pollution mapping in the urban segment of a tropical river: Is water quality index (WQI) enough for a nutrient-polluted river?” Applied Water Science, vol. 9, p. 197, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s13201-019-1083-9.
- R. Khan, A. Saxena, and S. Shukla, “Evaluation of heavy metal pollution for River Gomti, in parts of Ganga Alluvial Plain, India,” SN Applied Sciences, vol. 2, p. 1451, 2020, doi: 10.1007/s42452-020-03233-9.
- R. Khan, A. Saxena, S. Shukla, P. Goel, P. Bhattacharya, P. Li, E. F. Ali, and S. M. Shaheen, “Appraisal of water quality and ecological sensitivity with reference to riverfront development along the River Gomti, India,” Applied Water Science, vol. 12, p. 13, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s13201-021-01560-9.
- D. A. Attah and G. M. Bankole, “Time series analysis model for annual rainfall data in Lower Kaduna Catchment Kaduna, Nigeria,” International Journal of Research in Chemistry and Environment, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 82–87, 2012.
- R. Seth, P. Singh, M. Mohan, R. Singh, and R. S. Aswal, “Monitoring of phenolic compounds and surfactants in water of Ganga Canal, Haridwar (India),” Applied Water Science, 2013, doi: 10.1007/s13201-013-0116-z.
- K. S. Parmar and R. Bhardwaj, “Water quality management using statistical analysis and time-series prediction model,” Applied Water Science, vol. 4, pp. 425–434, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s13201-014-0159-9.
- K. S. Parmar and R. Bhardwaj, “Statistical, time series, and fractal analysis of full stretch of River Yamuna (India) for water quality management,” Environmental Science and Pollution Research, vol. 22, pp. 397–414, 2015, doi: 10.1007/s11356-014-3346-1.
- P. Ravikumar, M. A. Mehmood, and R. K. Somashekar, “Water quality index to determine the surface water quality of Sankey Tank and Mallathahalli Lake, Bangalore Urban District, Karnataka, India,” Applied Water Science, vol. 3, pp. 247–261, 2013.
- G. E. P. Box, G. M. Jenkins, and G. C. Reinsel, Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control, 4th ed. West Sussex, U.K.: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.
- W. X. Lu, Y. Zhao, H. B. Chu, and L. L. Yang, “The analysis of groundwater levels influenced by dual factors in western Jilin Province by using time series analysis method,” Applied Water Science, 2013, doi: 10.1007/s13201-013-0111-4.
- M. Bora and D. C. Goswami, “Water quality assessment in terms of water quality index (WQI): Case study of the Kolong River, Assam, India,” Applied Water Science, vol. 7, pp. 3125–3135, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s13201-016-0451-y.
The predicted water quality
parameter data for the study period (2013–2017) and the anticipated period (2018–2022) revealed a seasonal trend
pattern, indicating that the seasonal inflows significantly affect water quality. For all sampling stations, the observed water
quality parameter value increased from upstream to downstream, demonstrating the effects of rapid industrialization and
urbanization and showing the same behavior for the predicted period. The study results indicate the suitability of the time
series technique for predicting river water quality.
Keywords :
River Gomti; Water Quality; Statistical Analysis; Time-Series Analysis; ARIMA.