Authors : Dheetshana G.; Gopinath M.; N. Junior Sundresh

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 8 - August

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/yzmda2s9

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3mv4mxba

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25aug968

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Note : Google Scholar may take 30 to 40 days to display the article.

Abstract : Hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures globally. While techniques have improved, post-operative pain remains a significant challenge for both patients and clinicians. This study retrospectively analyzes data from 30 patients who underwent hernia repair, exploring the influence of demographic and clinical risk factors on pain outcomes. Key parameters included hernia type, surgical approach, age, gender, pain management modalities, and acute or chronic pain presence. Data were statistically analyzed using chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression. The findings revealed no statistically significant associations among the variables, but important clinical observations emerged. Visualization tools such as pie charts, histograms, and bar graphs were utilized to clarify distribution patterns. The study concludes by offering recommendations for optimized pain management strategies. It highlights the importance of personalized pain control and the need for larger prospective studies to validate these insights. Hernia occur when an organ or tissue protrudes through a weakened section of the abdominal wall. The most common types are inguinal, umbilical, femoral, and incisional hernia. Surgical intervention, whether via open or laparoscopic approach, remains the standard treatment. Despite these advancements, post-operative pain—both acute and chronic— continues to affect a significant proportion of patients, impacting recovery, quality of life, and healthcare resource utilization.

Keywords : Hernia, Pain Management, Post-Operative Pain, Risk Factors, Surgical Repair, Chronic Pain.

References :

1. A. Kingsnorth and K. LeBlanc, “Hernias: inguinal and incisional,” Lancet, vol. 362, no. 9395, pp. 1561–1571, 2003.
2. H. Kehlet and M. Bay-Nielsen, “Anaesthesia, surgery, and challenges in postoperative recovery,” Lancet, vol. 362, no. 9399, pp. 1921–1928, 2003.
3. M. P. Simons et al., “European Hernia Society guidelines on the treatment of inguinal hernia in adult patients,” Hernia, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 343–403, 2009.
4. S. Alfieri et al., “Influence of preservation versus division of ilioinguinal nerve in open inguinal hernia repair: prospective randomized study,” Ann Surg, vol. 243, no. 4, pp. 553–558, 2006.
5. A. S. Poobalan et al., “A review of chronic pain after inguinal herniorrhaphy,” Clin J Pain, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 48–54, 2003.
6. E. K. Aasvang and H. Kehlet, “Chronic postoperative pain: the case of inguinal herniorrhaphy,” Br J Anaesth, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 69–76, 2005.
7. H. Merskey and N. Bogduk, Classification of chronic pain: Descriptions of chronic pain syndromes and definitions of pain terms, 2nd ed., IASP Press, Seattle, 1994.
8. M. Bay-Nielsen, F. M. Perkins, and H. Kehlet, “Pain and functional impairment 1 year after inguinal herniorrhaphy: a nationwide questionnaire study,” Ann Surg, vol. 233, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2001.
9. K. McCormack, N. W. Scott, G. M. Go, S. Ross, and A. M. Grant, “Laparoscopic techniques versus open techniques for inguinal hernia repair,” Cochrane Database Syst Rev, no. 1, CD001785, 2003.
10. P. K. Amid, “Causes, prevention, and surgical treatment of postherniorrhaphy neuropathic inguinodynia: Triple neurectomy with proximal end implantation,” Hernia, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 343–349, 2004.
11. S. Nienhuijs et al., “Chronic pain after mesh repair of inguinal hernia: a systematic review,” Am J Surg, vol. 194, no. 3, pp. 394–400, 2007.
12. M. L. Kalliomäki, J. Meyerson, U. Gunnarsson, and T. Gordh, “Peripheral and central mechanisms in the maintenance of chronic pain after inguinal herniorrhaphy—a pilot study,” Pain, vol. 138, no. 3, pp. 560–569, 2008.