Authors : Aveth F. Mwanyika

Volume/Issue : Volume 8 - 2023, Issue 11 - November

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/mwtamfn2

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3emknwfz

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10280936

Abstract : Histological staining throughout history has undergone significant changes in the techniques used during routine staining of histological specimens. One of the crucial stages for a good staining quality is the differentiation stage of the primary stain (hematoxylin). Differentiation of stains allows selective removal of excess stain onto undesirable parts of the section to the satisfaction of the technician. In the routine staining, the common differentiator used is 1% Hydrochloric acid in 70% alcohol however in other laboratories use less strong acids during differentiation. At MNH 1% Hydrochloric acid in 70% alcohol is used which has shortcomings during differentiation process. Objective To compare the staining quality of histological sections between hydrochloric acid-alcohol and acetic acid-alcohol used as differentiators at MNH. Methodology The study was a prospective cross-sectional conducted at MNH Anatomical Pathology. Histological specimens were obtained during grossing sessions where some remnants of where by fixed sold massbased tissue were packed in respective cassettes and processed. Sections were routinely stained (hematoxylin and eosin staining) and differentiated using 1% HCL in alcohol and 5% Acetic acid in alcohol. Stained sections were observed and assessed the staining quality using a bright field microscope. Raw data was captured on structured collection sheets and SPSS 28.1.1.1 will be used for data cleaning and analysis. P-values of 0.05 were the cut-off point for statistical significance. Results The study showed that of 5% Acetic acid in alcohol as a differentiator provides a quality histological stain where the nucleus staining quality and cytoplasm staining quality was assessed statistically using SPSS 28.1.1.1 as compared to 1% HCL in alcohol showed that it produces sections that are over-differentiated. Thus, providing poor staining quality Conclusion 5% Acetic acid in alcohol as a differentiator produces a more controlled differentiating and a quality routine histological stain compared to 1% HCL in alcohol Recommedations 5% Acetic acid in alcohol provides quality and crisp nucleus stain and does not exert stress to the cellular components of the tissue.