Authors :
Otu, Joseph Ubi; Oka, I. A.
Volume/Issue :
Volume 8 - 2023, Issue 3 - March
Google Scholar :
https://bit.ly/3TmGbDi
Scribd :
https://bit.ly/3TZGuEx
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7793012
Abstract :
Fish and fish products are common vehicles in
the transmission of opportunistic pathogenic
microorganisms if not properly processed and handled.
The presence of potentially harmful and multidrugresistant bacteria in sold smoked fish presents a public
health threat. This study assessed the bacteriological
spectrum and antibiogram of isolates obtained from four
species of smoked fish sold in Wuse, Bwari, Dutse and
Karmo markets, Abuja, Nigeria. The bacterial species
present in eighty (80) fish samples were isolated and
identified using standard bacteriological methods while
the Kirby Bauer disc-diffusion method was adopted in
the determination of the antibiogram pattern of the
isolates. Results revealed the presence of eleven bacterial
genera with pathogenic potentials including Shigella
dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes,
Salmonella species, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus
subtilis, Klebsiella species, Proteus mirabilis and
Corynebacterium species. The overall prevalence rates
from various markets show that P. aeruginosa was the
most abundant (54.38%) followed by S. aureus (40.99%),
E. coli (38.00%), S. pyogenes (24.00%), while E.
aerogenes (21.00%) was the least isolated bacterium.
Susceptibility testing shows that all the identified isolates
were susceptible to cefixime and showed variable
resistance rates to other antibiotics such as
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim (81%), penicillin (72%),
tetracycline (54%), gentamycin (81%), erythromycin
(18%), ampicillin (81%), kanamycin (72%), neomycin
(72%), cloxacillin (63%), ofloxacin (81%) and
ciprofloxacin (18%). All the isolates were 100% resistant
to at least three antibiotics used except B. subtilis which
was 100% resistant to only two antibiotics. The multiple
antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of all isolates indicates
values higher than 0.2 except B. subtilis, which has a
MAR index of 0.16. The isolated bacteria were
multidrug-resistant (resistant to 3 or more antibiotics)
except B. subtilis. MAR indexes above 0.2 showed that
the bacterial isolates are from a high-risk source where
antibiotics were frequently used. These significant
findings call for effective risk assessment protocols and
management measures that protect human health.
Keywords :
Bacteriological, Spectrum, Antibiotics, Smoked Fish, Resistance.
Fish and fish products are common vehicles in
the transmission of opportunistic pathogenic
microorganisms if not properly processed and handled.
The presence of potentially harmful and multidrugresistant bacteria in sold smoked fish presents a public
health threat. This study assessed the bacteriological
spectrum and antibiogram of isolates obtained from four
species of smoked fish sold in Wuse, Bwari, Dutse and
Karmo markets, Abuja, Nigeria. The bacterial species
present in eighty (80) fish samples were isolated and
identified using standard bacteriological methods while
the Kirby Bauer disc-diffusion method was adopted in
the determination of the antibiogram pattern of the
isolates. Results revealed the presence of eleven bacterial
genera with pathogenic potentials including Shigella
dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes,
Salmonella species, Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus
subtilis, Klebsiella species, Proteus mirabilis and
Corynebacterium species. The overall prevalence rates
from various markets show that P. aeruginosa was the
most abundant (54.38%) followed by S. aureus (40.99%),
E. coli (38.00%), S. pyogenes (24.00%), while E.
aerogenes (21.00%) was the least isolated bacterium.
Susceptibility testing shows that all the identified isolates
were susceptible to cefixime and showed variable
resistance rates to other antibiotics such as
sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim (81%), penicillin (72%),
tetracycline (54%), gentamycin (81%), erythromycin
(18%), ampicillin (81%), kanamycin (72%), neomycin
(72%), cloxacillin (63%), ofloxacin (81%) and
ciprofloxacin (18%). All the isolates were 100% resistant
to at least three antibiotics used except B. subtilis which
was 100% resistant to only two antibiotics. The multiple
antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of all isolates indicates
values higher than 0.2 except B. subtilis, which has a
MAR index of 0.16. The isolated bacteria were
multidrug-resistant (resistant to 3 or more antibiotics)
except B. subtilis. MAR indexes above 0.2 showed that
the bacterial isolates are from a high-risk source where
antibiotics were frequently used. These significant
findings call for effective risk assessment protocols and
management measures that protect human health.
Keywords :
Bacteriological, Spectrum, Antibiotics, Smoked Fish, Resistance.
