Beyond the School Gate: Parental Engagement as a Driver of Inclusive Education Success


Authors : Salawu-Deen Masahudu

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 8 - August


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/vh2bamu9

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/yep4y8y4

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25aug1460

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Abstract : Parental engagement has emerged as a pivotal factor in the success of inclusive education, particularly in contexts where schools face challenges in addressing the diverse needs of learners. In Ghana, while the Inclusive Education Policy (2015) advocates for community and parental involvement, limited research has explored how parental engagement influences the implementation of inclusive practices. This study investigated the role of parental engagement in fostering inclusive education within a public basic school in Ghana. Anchored in Epstein’s Overlapping Spheres of Influence Theory and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, a qualitative case study approach was adopted. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 parents, 5 teachers, and 2 school heads as well as focus group discussions with parents. Findings indicate that active parental involvement improves learning outcomes, strengthens teacher-parent collaboration, and enhances learner confidence. However, cultural perceptions of disability and lack of structured communication channels remain significant barriers. The study recommends strengthening home-school partnerships, community sensitisation, and policy-driven initiatives that position parents as key stakeholders in inclusive education.

Keywords : Parental Engagement, Inclusive Education, Ghana, Home-School Partnerships, Community Involvement.

References :

  1. Agbenyega, J. (2018). Inclusive education in Ghana: Still miles to go. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 22(1), 1–14.
  2. Ametepee, L. K., & Anastasiou, D. (2015). Special and inclusive education in Ghana: Status and progress, challenges and implications. International Journal of Educational Development, 41, 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2015.02.007
  3. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE.
  4. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
  5. Darling-Hammond, L. (2021). The flat world and education: How America’s commitment to equity will determine our future (2nd ed.). Teachers College Press.
  6. Epstein, J. L. (2011). School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing educators and improving schools (2nd ed.). Routledge.
  7. Epstein, J. L. (2018). Theory to practice: School and family partnerships lead to school improvement and student success. In S. B. Sheldon & T. A. Turner-Vorbeck (Eds.), The Wiley handbook of family, school, and community relationships in education (pp. 17–42). Wiley-Blackwell.
  8. Forlin, C. (2018). Teacher preparation for inclusive education. In L. Florian & N. Pantic (Eds.), Teacher education for the changing demographics of schooling: Issues for research and practice (pp. 37–52). Springer.
  9. Ghana Ministry of Education. (2015). Inclusive education policy. Accra: Author.
  10. Hornby, G., & Blackwell, I. (2018). Barriers to parental involvement in education: An update. Educational Review, 70(1), 109–119.
  11. Jeynes, W. H. (2015). A meta-analysis: The relationship between parental involvement and African American school outcomes. Journal of Black Studies, 46(6), 653–674.
  12. Kimani, W., Mugo, J., & Ngware, M. (2020). Barriers to parental involvement in primary education in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Educational Development, 74, 102167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2020.102167
  13. Opoku, M. P., Cuskelly, M., Pedersen, S. J., & Rayner, C. S. (2021). Attitudes and self-efficacy of teachers toward inclusive education in Ghana. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 25(6), 704–720. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2019.1588930
  14. UNESCO. (1994). The Salamanca statement and framework for action on special needs education. Paris: Author.
  15. UNESCO. (2020). Global Education Monitoring Report 2020: Inclusion and education – All means all. UNESCO Publishing.
  16. Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). SAGE.

Parental engagement has emerged as a pivotal factor in the success of inclusive education, particularly in contexts where schools face challenges in addressing the diverse needs of learners. In Ghana, while the Inclusive Education Policy (2015) advocates for community and parental involvement, limited research has explored how parental engagement influences the implementation of inclusive practices. This study investigated the role of parental engagement in fostering inclusive education within a public basic school in Ghana. Anchored in Epstein’s Overlapping Spheres of Influence Theory and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory, a qualitative case study approach was adopted. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 parents, 5 teachers, and 2 school heads as well as focus group discussions with parents. Findings indicate that active parental involvement improves learning outcomes, strengthens teacher-parent collaboration, and enhances learner confidence. However, cultural perceptions of disability and lack of structured communication channels remain significant barriers. The study recommends strengthening home-school partnerships, community sensitisation, and policy-driven initiatives that position parents as key stakeholders in inclusive education.

Keywords : Parental Engagement, Inclusive Education, Ghana, Home-School Partnerships, Community Involvement.

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Paper Submission Last Date
30 - November - 2025

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