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Building Form and Transmission Heat Loss at Constant Volume: Testing Five Geometric Hypotheses Under Astana Winter Conditions


Authors : Karina Kim; Danil E. Shafner

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 10 - October


DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26Oct453

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : Compact buildings lose less heat. That much is textbook. Less clear is how much less, which part of the geometry does the work, and where the rule stops holding.

Keywords : Building Form; Surface-to-Volume Ratio; Transmission Heat Loss; Thermal Envelope; Courtyard; Cold Climate; Astana.

References :

  1. L. F. Cabeza et al., “Buildings,” in Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge University Press, 2022. doi:10.1017/9781009157926.011
  2. Committee for Construction and Housing, Ministry for Investments and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, SP RK 2.04-01-2017: Building Climatology, Order No. 312-NK, 2017. https://igis.kz/images/snip/stroitelnye-normativy/sp-rk-2.04-01-2017-stroitelnaya-klimatologiya.pdf
  3. S. N. Al-Zubaidy, S. Tokbolat, R. Tokpatayeva, “Passive design of buildings for extreme weather environment,” Int. J. Renewable Energy Dev., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2013. doi:10.14710/ijred.2.1.1-11
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  6. J. Straube, “BSD-061: The function of form—building shape and energy,” Building Science Corporation, 2012. https://buildingscience.com/documents/insights/bsi-061-function-form-building-shape-and-energy
  7. C. Marincu, D. Dan, and L. Moga, “Investigating the influence of building shape and insulation thickness on energy efficiency of buildings,” Energy Sustain. Dev., vol. 79, art. 101384, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.esd.2024.101384
  8. P. Rode, C. Keim, G. Robazza, P. Viejo, and J. Schofield, “Cities and energy: urban morphology and residential heat-energy demand,” Environ. Plann. B, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 138–162, 2014. doi:10.1068/b39065
  9. Y. Wang, W. Pan, and Z. Liao, “Impact of urban morphology on high-density commercial block energy consumption in severe cold regions,” Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 13, art. 5795, 2024. doi:10.3390/su16135795
  10. C. He, W. Tian, and Z. Shao, “Impacts of courtyard envelope design on energy performance in the hot summer–cold winter region of China,” Buildings, vol. 12, no. 2, art. 173, 2022. doi:10.3390/buildings12020173
  11. M. T. Araji, “Surface-to-volume ratio: how building geometry impacts solar energy production and heat gain through envelopes,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 323, art. 012034, 2019. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/323/1/012034
  12. M. Stamenković, M. Miletić, S. Kosanović, G. Vučković, and S. Glišović, “Impact of a building shape factor on space cooling energy performance in the green roof concept implementation,” Therm. Sci., vol. 22, no. 1B, pp. 687–698, 2018. doi:10.2298/TSCI170425205S
  13. B. Anderson and L. Kosmina, Conventions for U-value Calculations, BR 443, 3rd ed. BRE, 2019. https://www.cibse.org/media/wzrjrf3l/conventions-for-u-value-calculations.pdf
  14. SN RK 2.04-07-2022 / SP RK 2.04-107-2022: Thermal Protection of Buildings, Order No. 233-NK, 2022. https://new-shop.ksm.kz/media/egfntd/ntdgo/2_04_07_2022.pdf

Compact buildings lose less heat. That much is textbook. Less clear is how much less, which part of the geometry does the work, and where the rule stops holding.

Keywords : Building Form; Surface-to-Volume Ratio; Transmission Heat Loss; Thermal Envelope; Courtyard; Cold Climate; Astana.

Paper Submission Last Date
31 - October - 2026

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