Authors :
Karina Kim; Danil E. Shafner
Volume/Issue :
Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 10 - October
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26Oct453
Note : A published paper may take 4-5
working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and
ResearchGate.
Abstract :
Compact buildings lose less heat. That much is textbook. Less clear is how much less, which part of the geometry does the work, and where the rule stops holding.
Keywords :
Building Form; Surface-to-Volume Ratio; Transmission Heat Loss; Thermal Envelope; Courtyard; Cold Climate; Astana.
References :
- L. F. Cabeza et al., “Buildings,” in Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC. Cambridge University Press, 2022. doi:10.1017/9781009157926.011
- Committee for Construction and Housing, Ministry for Investments and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, SP RK 2.04-01-2017: Building Climatology, Order No. 312-NK, 2017. https://igis.kz/images/snip/stroitelnye-normativy/sp-rk-2.04-01-2017-stroitelnaya-klimatologiya.pdf
- S. N. Al-Zubaidy, S. Tokbolat, R. Tokpatayeva, “Passive design of buildings for extreme weather environment,” Int. J. Renewable Energy Dev., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2013. doi:10.14710/ijred.2.1.1-11
- K. Murzabayeva, E. Lapshina, and A. Tuyakayeva, “Modernization of the living environment space using the example of an urban array of residential buildings from the Soviet period in Almaty,” Buildings, vol. 12, no. 7, art. 1042, 2022. doi:10.3390/buildings12071042
- E. Koźniewski, “Assessment of building compactness at initial design stage of single-family houses,” Energies, vol. 18, no. 13, art. 3569, 2025. doi:10.3390/en18133569
- J. Straube, “BSD-061: The function of form—building shape and energy,” Building Science Corporation, 2012. https://buildingscience.com/documents/insights/bsi-061-function-form-building-shape-and-energy
- C. Marincu, D. Dan, and L. Moga, “Investigating the influence of building shape and insulation thickness on energy efficiency of buildings,” Energy Sustain. Dev., vol. 79, art. 101384, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.esd.2024.101384
- P. Rode, C. Keim, G. Robazza, P. Viejo, and J. Schofield, “Cities and energy: urban morphology and residential heat-energy demand,” Environ. Plann. B, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 138–162, 2014. doi:10.1068/b39065
- Y. Wang, W. Pan, and Z. Liao, “Impact of urban morphology on high-density commercial block energy consumption in severe cold regions,” Sustainability, vol. 16, no. 13, art. 5795, 2024. doi:10.3390/su16135795
- C. He, W. Tian, and Z. Shao, “Impacts of courtyard envelope design on energy performance in the hot summer–cold winter region of China,” Buildings, vol. 12, no. 2, art. 173, 2022. doi:10.3390/buildings12020173
- M. T. Araji, “Surface-to-volume ratio: how building geometry impacts solar energy production and heat gain through envelopes,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 323, art. 012034, 2019. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/323/1/012034
- M. Stamenković, M. Miletić, S. Kosanović, G. Vučković, and S. Glišović, “Impact of a building shape factor on space cooling energy performance in the green roof concept implementation,” Therm. Sci., vol. 22, no. 1B, pp. 687–698, 2018. doi:10.2298/TSCI170425205S
- B. Anderson and L. Kosmina, Conventions for U-value Calculations, BR 443, 3rd ed. BRE, 2019. https://www.cibse.org/media/wzrjrf3l/conventions-for-u-value-calculations.pdf
- SN RK 2.04-07-2022 / SP RK 2.04-107-2022: Thermal Protection of Buildings, Order No. 233-NK, 2022. https://new-shop.ksm.kz/media/egfntd/ntdgo/2_04_07_2022.pdf
Compact buildings lose less heat. That much is textbook. Less clear is how much less, which part of the geometry does the work, and where the rule stops holding.
Keywords :
Building Form; Surface-to-Volume Ratio; Transmission Heat Loss; Thermal Envelope; Courtyard; Cold Climate; Astana.