Clinical Spectrum and Antibiogram of Acinetobacter Infections in Children: Study from a Tertiary Care Centre, India


Authors : Dr. Venugopal Reddy. I; Dr. Rajesh Babu. M; Dr. Bhaskar Shenoy

Volume/Issue : Volume 8 - 2023, Issue 4 - April

Google Scholar : https://bit.ly/3TmGbDi

Scribd : https://bit.ly/3Lti1DD

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7889065

- Acinetobacter is an aerobic, pleomorphic, non-motile bacillus that is Gram-negative. In the last 35 years, Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as the most problematic bacterium in the hospital and community due to its genetic makeup and antibiotic resistance. Infections of the skin, soft tissues, central nervous system, and bones are on the rise due to strains that are resistant to antibiotics and can survive for a long period. This study aims to study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and antibiogram of different species of Acinetobacter. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed at the Manipal hospital in Bangalore, India, using VITEK 2 AST-N090 automated system for amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, colistin, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, tetracycline, tigecycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Ethics-related considerations were granted. Acinetobacter species have emerged as a significant offender in both the hospital and the community. Predominance of infections among infants under one month old, primarily those in neonatal intensive care units, suggests that preterm and newborn infants are more susceptible to acinetiobacter infections. Pneumonia was the most frequent clinical manifestation in this study, with risk factors such as long-term invasive procedures, prolonged ventilation, and broad-spectrum antibiotic use. Acinetobacter has become less susceptible to antibiotics over time, and polymyxin is the only therapeutic choice for MDR infections in environments with restricted resources. Colistin and polymixn were the most efficient drugs, while carbapenems showed just 10% sensitivity. Mortality rates ranged from 17% to 63%, with preterm babies having increased mortality rates. Acinetobacter infections in children are on the rise, mostly affecting neonatal and paediatric intensive care units. A multicentric study is needed to research the risk factors, interventions, and antibiogram of the organisms. Treatment costs increase due to resistance to oral antibiotics. Acinetobacter strain identification using culture and routine local antibiogram will help clinicians understand the pattern of sensitivity for improved treatment.

Keywords : Acinetobacter, oral antibiotics, infections, Treatment, Clinicians.

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