Authors : Abdellah Haida

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 10 - October

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/9y39asv3

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/yuhyzyb5

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25oct211

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Note : Google Scholar may take 30 to 40 days to display the article.

Abstract : In a context of constant digital, environmental, and societal change, territories are called upon to enhance their attractiveness, competitiveness, and sustainability. Collaborative innovation is emerging as a key strategic approach that reconfigures local development trajectories by mobilizing the collective intelligence of diverse actors. Drawing on open innovation, social innovation, and territorial intelligence, this study examines how cooperation among public institutions, private actors, academia, and citizens can strengthen a territory’s capacity to innovate, differentiate, and adapt. A qualitative approach is adopted through an in-depth case study of the Souss-Massa region in Morocco, which has implemented collaborative innovation mechanisms such as third places, living labs, and participatory projects. Semi- structured interviews with elected officials, institutional managers, entrepreneurs, association members, and innovation facilitators were analyzed inductively to identify triggers, obstacles, and impacts of collaborative initiatives on territorial attractiveness and local economic dynamics. Findings indicate that collaborative innovation goes beyond leveraging local resources: it fosters resilience, supports co-construction and experimentation, strengthens territorial identity, structures innovation ecosystems, and promotes inclusive governance. Its effectiveness depends on robust coordination mechanisms, assertive leadership, and a culture of sustained cooperation. The study is presented in three parts: the first revisits the theoretical foundations of collaborative innovation and its role in territorial dynamics; the second details the methodology and the Souss-Massa case study; and the third discusses the main empirical findings, highlighting best practices, measurable effects on territorial attractiveness and competitiveness, and encountered limitations.

Keywords : Collaborative Innovation, Territorial Attractiveness, Competitiveness, Collective Intelligence, Local Development, Participative Governance, Co-Construction, Souss-Massa.

References :

1. Aït Lemqeddem, A., & Tomas, F. (2019). L’innovation collaborative dans les territoires : enjeux et perspectives. Revue Marocaine de Management et d’Innovation, 3(6), 45-62.
2. Ansell, C., & Gash, A. (2008). Collaborative governance in theory and practice. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(4), 543-571. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum032
3. Argyris, C., & Schön, D. A. (1978). Organizational learning: A theory of action perspective. Addison-Wesley.
4. Asheim, B. T., & Gertler, M. S. (2005). The geography of innovation: Regional innovation systems. In J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery, & R. Nelson (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of innovation (pp. 291-317). Oxford University Press.
5. Asheim, B. T., & Isaksen, A. (2002). Regional innovation systems: The integration of local sticky and global ubiquitous knowledge. Journal of Technology Transfer, 27(1), 77-86. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1013100704794
6. Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
7. Bazeley, P., & Jackson, K. (2013). Qualitative data analysis with NVivo (2nd ed.). SAGE.
8. Bercovitz, J., & Feldman, M. (2008). Academic entrepreneurs: Organizational change at the individual level. Organization Science, 19(1), 69-89. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1070.0295
9. Bertaccini, B., & Bouchet, J. (2006). L’innovation territoriale : Approches et pratiques. L’Harmattan.
10. Boschio, M., Crescenzi, R., & de Blasio, G. (2020). Local development and innovation: Evidence from Italian industrial districts. Regional Studies, 54(4), 512-525. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2019.1608352
11. Boschma, R. A. (2005). Proximity and innovation: A critical assessment. Regional Studies, 39(1), 61-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340052000320887
12. Bouchard, M. J. (2010). L’innovation sociale : Émergence et effets sur la transformation des sociétés. Presses de l’Université du Québec.
13. Boyatzis, R. E. (1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. SAGE.
14. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
15. Camagni, R. (2002). On the concept of territorial competitiveness: Sound or misleading? Urban Studies, 39(13), 2395-2411. https://doi.org/10.1080/0042098022000027022
16. Capello, R. (2019). Regional economics. Routledge.
17. Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2009). ‘Mode 3’ and ‘Quadruple Helix’: Toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem. International Journal of Technology Management, 46(3/4), 201-234. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTM.2009.023374
18. Carayannis, E. G., Barth, T. D., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2012). The Quintuple Helix innovation model: Global warming as a challenge and driver for innovation. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 1(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/2192-5372-1-2
19. Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2009). Mode 3: Knowledge production in the triple helix era. Springer.
20. Cerema. (2020). Innovation et territoires : Guide méthodologique pour les collectivités. Cerema Éditions.
21. Chesbrough, H. W. (2003). Open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Harvard Business School Press.
22. Cooke, P., Uranga, M. G., & Etxebarria, G. (2007). Regional innovation systems: Institutional and organizational dimensions. Research Policy, 26(4-5), 475-491. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00025-5
23. Cooke, P. (2004). Knowledge economies: Clusters, learning and cooperative advantage. Routledge.
24. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE.
25. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE.
26. Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (4th ed.). SAGE.
27. Dubé, J., Polèse, M., & Shearmur, R. (2017). Économie géographique et développement régional. Presses de l’Université du Québec.
28. Dubois, A., & Gadde, L. E. (2002). Systematic combining: An abductive approach to case research. Journal of Business Research, 55(7), 553-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(00)00195-8.
29. Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: From National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university–industry–government relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4
30. Fontan, J. M., & Klein, J. L. (2019). Innovation sociale et territoires. Presses de l’Université du Québec.
31. Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.
32. Fujita, M., & Thisse, J.-F. (2002). Economics of agglomeration: Cities, industrial location, and regional growth. Cambridge University Press.
33. Gagnon, C., & Klein, J. L. (2016). Les innovations sociales. Presses de l’Université du Québec.
34. Girardot, J.-J. (2010). Intelligence territoriale et gouvernance : Une approche systémique. Revue Internationale d’Intelligence Économique, 2(1), 17-30. https://doi.org/10.3166/r2ie.2.17-30.
35. Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481-510. https://doi.org/10.1086/228311.
36. Guba, E. G., & Lincoln, Y. S. (1994). Competing paradigms in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 105-117). SAGE.
37. Hodge, G., & Greve, C. (2007). Public–private partnerships: An international performance review. Public Administration Review, 67(3), 545-558. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2007.00736.x
38. Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2001). Multi-level governance and European integration. Rowman & Littlefield.
39. Janin, C., & Grasset, É. (2009). Gouvernance territoriale et développement durable. Géocarrefour, 84(1), 3-10. https://doi.org/10.4000/geocarrefour.7069
40. Klijn, E. H., & Teisman, G. R. (2003). Institutional and strategic barriers to public–private partnership: An analysis of Dutch cases. Public Money & Management, 23(3), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9302.00361
41. Kohler, T., & Piller, F. T. (2015). Crowdsourcing-based business models: How to create and capture value. California Management Review, 57(4), 63-84. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2015.57.4.63.
42. Krugman, P. (1991). Geography and trade. MIT Press.
43. Long, N. (2004). Actors, interfaces and development: Toward a new anthropology of development. Routledge.
44. Lundvall, B.-Å. (1992). National systems of innovation: Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. Pinter.
45. Malecki, E. J. (2012). Regional social capital: Why it matters. Regional Studies, 46(8), 1023-1039. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2011.607806
46. Marks, G. (1993). Structural policy and multilevel governance in the EC. In A. Cafruny & G. Rosenthal (Eds.), The state of the European Community: The Maastricht debates and beyond (pp. 391-410). Lynne Rienner.
47. Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2015). On the notion of regional economic resilience: Conceptualization and explanation. Journal of Economic Geography, 15(1), 1-42. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbu015
48. McCann, P., & Ortega-Argilés, R. (2015). Smart specialization, regional growth and applications to EU cohesion policy. Regional Studies, 49(8), 1291-1302. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.799769
49. Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). SAGE.
50. Moulaert, F., MacCallum, D., Mehmood, A., & Hamdouch, A. (2013). The international handbook on social innovation: Collective action, social learning and transdisciplinary research. Edward Elgar.
51. Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press.
52. Ourrach, M., & Touhami, A. (2023). Innovation territoriale et compétitivité des régions : perspectives pour le Maroc. Revue Marocaine des Sciences de Gestion, 11(2), 55-72.
53. Paillé, P., & Mucchielli, A. (2012). L’analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales (3e éd.). Armand Colin.
54. Pecqueur, B. (2000). Le développement local : Pour une économie des territoires. Syros.
55. Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review, 76(6), 77-90.
56. Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (2011). Creating shared value. Harvard Business Review, 89(1–2), 62-77.
57. Provan, K. G., & Kenis, P. (2008). Modes of network governance: Structure, management, and effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(2), 229-252. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum015
58. Putnam, R. D. (1993). Making democracy work: Civic traditions in modern Italy. Princeton University Press.
59. Rhodes, R. A. W. (1997). Understanding governance: Policy networks, governance, reflexivity and accountability. Open University Press.
60. Salvetat, D., & Le Roy, F. (2007). Coopétition et PME : une application au secteur viticole. Revue Française de Gestion, 33(177), 141-158. https://doi.org/10.3166/rfg.177.141-158
61. Schein, E. H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
62. Sellami, H., & Rouggani, F. (2022). Gouvernance territoriale et performance des politiques publiques locales au Maroc. Revue Marocaine de Management et d’Innovation, 8(15), 103-120.
63. Sellami, H., & Rouggani, F. (2024). Innovation collaborative et attractivité territoriale : Enjeux et perspectives pour les régions marocaines. Revue Internationale des Sciences de Gestion, 12(3), 88-104.
64. Sotarauta, M., Beer, A., & Gibney, J. (2017). Making sense of leadership in urban and regional development. Regional Studies, 51(2), 187-199. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2016.1267340
65. Torre, A., & Wallet, F. (2014). Regional development and proximity relations. Regional Studies, 48(2), 167-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.856516
66. Torre, A., & Wallet, F. (2016). Regional development in rural areas: Analytical tools and public policies. Springer.
67. Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050207
68. Yescombe, E. R. (2018). Public-private partnerships: Principles of policy and finance (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.