CRISPR Mechanisms and Innovations: A Comprehensive Review


Authors : Sachi

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 1 - January


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/7r4ehwhb

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/2s45b9zf

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14869989


Abstract : CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology has revolutionized genome editing by providing a versatile and precise tool for genetic modifications. Since its discovery as a bacterial adaptive immune system, CRISPR has evolved into a powerful tool for molecular biology, medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. This review discusses the fundamental mechanisms underlying CRISPR/Cas systems, the advancements in CRISPR technology, and the innovations that have expanded its capabilities. Additionally, this paper addresses the current challenges and future directions for CRISPR-based research and applications.

Keywords : CRISPR, Genome Editing, Cas9, Base Editing, Prime Editing, RNA Editing, Gene Therapy.

References :

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  2. Anzalone, A. V., Randolph, P. B., Davis, J. R., Sousa, A. A., Koblan, L. W., Levy, J. M., ... & Liu, D. R. (2019). Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA. Nature, 576(7785), 149-157.
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  7. Komor, A. C., Kim, Y. B., Packer, M. S., Zuris, J. A., & Liu, D. R. (2016). Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage. Nature, 533(7603), 420-424.
  8. McCarty, N. S., Graham, A. E., Studená, L., & Ledesma-Amaro, R. (2020). Multiplexed CRISPR technologies for gene editing and transcriptional regulation. Nature Communications, 11(1), 1281.
  9. Yin, H., Kauffman, K. J., & Anderson, D. G. (2017). Delivery technologies for genome editing. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery,

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology has revolutionized genome editing by providing a versatile and precise tool for genetic modifications. Since its discovery as a bacterial adaptive immune system, CRISPR has evolved into a powerful tool for molecular biology, medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology. This review discusses the fundamental mechanisms underlying CRISPR/Cas systems, the advancements in CRISPR technology, and the innovations that have expanded its capabilities. Additionally, this paper addresses the current challenges and future directions for CRISPR-based research and applications.

Keywords : CRISPR, Genome Editing, Cas9, Base Editing, Prime Editing, RNA Editing, Gene Therapy.

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