Authors :
Sachi
Volume/Issue :
Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 1 - January
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/7r4ehwhb
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/2s45b9zf
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14869989
Abstract :
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology has revolutionized genome
editing by providing a versatile and precise tool for genetic modifications. Since its discovery as a bacterial adaptive
immune system, CRISPR has evolved into a powerful tool for molecular biology, medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.
This review discusses the fundamental mechanisms underlying CRISPR/Cas systems, the advancements in CRISPR
technology, and the innovations that have expanded its capabilities. Additionally, this paper addresses the current
challenges and future directions for CRISPR-based research and applications.
Keywords :
CRISPR, Genome Editing, Cas9, Base Editing, Prime Editing, RNA Editing, Gene Therapy.
References :
- Abudayyeh, O. O., Gootenberg, J. S., Konermann, S., Joung, J., Slaymaker, I. M., Cox, D. B., ... & Zhang, F. (2016). C2c2 is a single-component programmable RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR effector. Science, 353(6299), aaf5573.
- Anzalone, A. V., Randolph, P. B., Davis, J. R., Sousa, A. A., Koblan, L. W., Levy, J. M., ... & Liu, D. R. (2019). Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA. Nature, 576(7785), 149-157.
- Cho, S. W., Kim, S., Kim, Y., Kweon, J., Kim, H. S., Bae, S., & Kim, J. S. (2014). Analysis of off-target effects of CRISPR/Cas-derived RNA-guided endonucleases and nickases. Genome Research, 24(1), 132-141.
- Gilbert, L. A., Larson, M. H., Morsut, L., Liu, Z., Brar, G. A., Torres, S. E., ... & Weissman, J. S. (2013). CRISPR-mediated modular RNA-guided regulation of transcription in eukaryotes. Cell, 154(2), 442-451.
- Jinek, M., Chylinski, K., Fonfara, I., Hauer, M., Doudna, J. A., & Charpentier, E. (2012). A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity. Science, 337(6096), 816-821.
- Kleinstiver, B. P., Pattanayak, V., Prew, M. S., Tsai, S. Q., Nguyen, N. T., Zheng, Z., & Joung, J. K. (2016). High-fidelity CRISPR–Cas9 nucleases with no detectable genome-wide off-target effects. Nature, 529(7587), 490-495.
- Komor, A. C., Kim, Y. B., Packer, M. S., Zuris, J. A., & Liu, D. R. (2016). Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage. Nature, 533(7603), 420-424.
- McCarty, N. S., Graham, A. E., Studená, L., & Ledesma-Amaro, R. (2020). Multiplexed CRISPR technologies for gene editing and transcriptional regulation. Nature Communications, 11(1), 1281.
- Yin, H., Kauffman, K. J., & Anderson, D. G. (2017). Delivery technologies for genome editing. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery,
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology has revolutionized genome
editing by providing a versatile and precise tool for genetic modifications. Since its discovery as a bacterial adaptive
immune system, CRISPR has evolved into a powerful tool for molecular biology, medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology.
This review discusses the fundamental mechanisms underlying CRISPR/Cas systems, the advancements in CRISPR
technology, and the innovations that have expanded its capabilities. Additionally, this paper addresses the current
challenges and future directions for CRISPR-based research and applications.
Keywords :
CRISPR, Genome Editing, Cas9, Base Editing, Prime Editing, RNA Editing, Gene Therapy.