Authors : Sunidhi Sharma; Anjali Bhagria; Sanjiv Duggal

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 4 - April

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/2p9k73v8

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/4eayjeju

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26apr1592

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Curcumin, the primary polyphenolic compound from Curcuma longa (turmeric), alongside desmethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and neuroprotective effects. However, its therapeutic utility is hindered by poor aqueous solubility, chemical instability, rapid metabolism, and low oral bioavailability (<1%). Nanotechnology addresses these limitations through advanced nanocarriers—including liposomes, nano emulsions, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers—which enhance solubility, stability, gastrointestinal absorption, and site-specific drug release, often achieving 20-50 fold bioavailability improvements. Gut microbiota profoundly modulates curcumin's pharmacokinetics and efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and diabetic complications by generating bioactive metabolites. Preclinical and clinical evidence supports curcumin's synergy with conventional therapies, reducing adverse effects, while bioenhancers like piperine and structural analogs further optimize outcomes. This review elucidates curcumin's tautomeric behaviour, metabolic pathways, microbiome interactions, and nanodelivery strategies, emphasizing translational challenges such as scalability and safety. Harnessing nanotechnology and microbiome modulation holds transformative promise for precision medicine applications.

Keywords : Curcumin; Nanotechnology; Nanocarriers; Bioavailability enhancement; Gut Microbiota; Drug Delivery; Pharmacokinetics; Bioenhancers.

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