Darkside of Beauty: How Certain Cosmetics May Increase Cancer Risk


Authors : Menda Gayatri; S. Kaberi Reddy; Sandya Rani Mahanty; Dr. Paila Bhanuji Rao

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 3 - March


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/5awxrmht

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/dpnhf969

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar682

Google Scholar

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Note : Google Scholar may take 15 to 20 days to display the article.


Abstract : Cosmetics are the products that can beautify and cleanse the face and skin daily. The world is gradually increasing its usage of cosmetics, which is accompanied by an increase in the side effects caused by the ingredients present in these products. Nowadays, people are exposed to a wide range of hazardous chemicals in the form of cosmetic products, such as skin care products, which include soaps, sunscreen, powders, moisturizer, makeup foundation, and kohl. Cosmetics contain several ingredients that improve the quality of the product but may be hazardous to health. In this review paper, converse about the composition, side effects, and also alternatives of some harmful ingredients used in cosmetics based on different review papers.

Keywords : Cancer, Skin Care Products, Hazardous Chemicals, Adverse Effects.

References :

  1. Rosholt AP. Cosmetic Anti-aging Formulations—International Regulatory Aspects. InSkin Aging Handbook 2009 Jan 1 (pp. 393-408). William Andrew Publishing.
  2. CosIng. Substance: Benzene. In., Series Substance: Benzene. Helsinki, Finland: ECHA; 2022. EC. (2009) Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the european parliament and of the council. Official Journal of the European Union L; 342: 59.
  3. William Andrew Publishing. Draelos ZD.  Cosmetics:  The Medicine of Beauty. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2015;14 (2):91
  4. The Importance of Skin Health Promotion for Children: Care with Makeup Use and Skin Cancer Prevention Flávia Elizabete Guerra Teixeira1,2, Felipe Barbosa de Carvalho1, Camila de Oliveira Pacheco1,2, Khayan Pimentel1, Marcelo Gomes de Gomes1,2, Sandra Elisa Haas
  5. Nikolopoulos-Stamati P, Hens L, Sasco AJ Cosmetic as endocrine disruptors: are they a health risk Rev Endocr Metab Disord .16(4):373-83 (2015).
  6. Rachael Rawlins. “Teething on toxins: in search of regulatory solutions for toys and cosmetics”. Fordham Environmental Law Review 20 (2017):1.  Zhen Wang, Dan Dinh, W. Casan Scott, E. Spencer Williams, Michael Ciarlo, Paul DeLeo and Bryan W. Brooks. “Critical Review and probabilistic health hazard assessment of cleaning product ingredients in all-purpose cleaners, dish care products, and laundry care products”. Environment International 125 (2019): 399.
  7. Adverse effects of cosmetics on the Women Health Ruchi Kohli1 , Anu Mittal  and Amit Mittal .
  8. Mallet JD, Gendron SP, Drigeard Desgarnier MC, et al (2014). Implication of ultraviolet light in the etiology of uveal melanoma: A review. Photochem Photobiol, 90, 15-21.
  9. Department of Justice. Freedom of Information Act. 2016. https://www.justice.gov/oip/doj-guide-freedom-information-act-0. Accessed September 12, 2017.
  10. Mukhopadhyay P. Cleansers and their role in various dermatological disorders. Indian journal of dermatology. 2011 Jan; 56(1): 21-26.
  11. Dover JS, Rivers J, Degreef H, Alam M. BL Kuehl, KS Fyfe, H BBA, NH Shear, MD, FRCPC.
  12. Sertoli A, Francalanci S, Acciai MC, Gola M. Epidemiological survey of contact dermatitis in Italy (1984-1993) by GIRDCA (Gruppo Italiano Ricerca Dermatiti da Contatto e Ambientali). Am J Contact Dermat. 10(1):18–30 (1999).
  13. Khan AD, Alam MN. Cosmetics and their associated adverse effects: A review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2019 Apr 4: 1-6.
  14. P. J. Sheskey, W. G. Cook and C. G. Cable, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 8th ed., Pharmaceu-tical Press, London, and American Pharmacists Association, Washington D.C. 2017, pp. 130–133, 379–382, 604–608, 803–806.
  15. Moore AF. Final report on the safety assessment of sodium lauryl sulfate and ammonium lauryl sulfate. International Journal of Toxicology. 1983; 2(7): 127-81
  16. impact of the use of chemicals in salons in around universitas negeri semerang
  17. Wargala E, Sławska M, Zalewska A, Toporowska M. Health Effects of Dyes, Minerals, and Vitamins Used in Cosmetics. Women. 2021 Dec; 1(4): 223-37.
  18. Al Amry M, Al-Saikhan F, Ayoubi A. Toxic effect of cadmium found in eyeliner to the eye of a 21-year-old Saudi woman: a case report. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2011 Oct 1; 19(4): 269-72.
  19. Gasparro FP, Mitchnick M, Nash JF. A review of sunscreen safety and efficacy. Photochem Photobiol 1998; 68:243-56
  20. Siller A, Blaszak SC, Lazar M, Harken EO. Update about the effects of the sunscreen ingredients oxybenzone and octinoxate on humans and the environment. Plastic Surgical Nursing. 2018 Oct 1; 38(4): 158
  21. Ginzburg AL, Blackburn RS, Santillan C, Truong L, Tanguay RL, Hutchison JE. Zinc oxide-induced changes to sunscreen ingredient efficacy and toxicity under UV irradiation. Photochemical &Photobiological Sciences. 2021 Oct; 20(10): 1273-85
  22. Dennis LK, Freeman LEB, VanBeek MJ. Sunscreen use and the risk for melanoma: a quantitative review. Ann Intern Med 2003;139: 966 – 78.
  23. Ramos, S., Homem, V., Alves, A., & Santos, L. (2015). Advances in analytical methods and occurrence of organic UV-filters in the environment—a review. Science of the Total Environment, 526, 278–311
  24. DiNardo JC, Downs CA. Dermatological and environmental toxicological impact of the sunscreen ingredient oxybenzone/benzophenone‐3. Journal of cosmetic dermatology. 2018 Feb; 17(1): 15-9.
  25. Suh S, Pham C, Smith J, Mesinkovska NA. The banned sunscreen ingredients and their impact on human health: a systematic review. International journal of dermatology. 2020 Sep; 59(9): 1033-42.
  26. Goodman GE, Alberts DS, Meyskens FL (2008) Retinol, vitamins, and cancer prevention: 25 Years of learning and relearning. J Clin Oncol 26: 5495–5496
  27. Freemantle SF, Dragnev KH, Dmitrovsky E (2006) The retinoic acid paradox in cancer chemoprevention. J Natl Cancer Inst 98: 426–427.
  28. Dragnev KH, Petty WJ, Shah SJ, Lewis LD, Black Cc, et al. (2007) A proof-of principle clinical trial of bexarotene in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 13: 1794–1800.
  29. Soria JC, Moon c, Wang L, Hittelman WN, Jang SJ, et al. (2001) Effects of N-(4- hydroxy phenyl) retinamide on hTERT expression in the bronchial epithelium of cigarette smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst 93: 1257–1263.
  30. . Gackowski D, Kowalewski J, Siomek A, Olinski R (2005) Oxidative DNA damage and antioxidant vitamin level: comparison among lung cancer patients, healthy smokers and nonsmokers. Int J Cancer 114: 153–156.
  31. Fu J, Ding Y, Huang D, Li H, Chen X (2007) The retinoid X receptor-selective ligand, LGD1069, inhibits tumor-induced angiogenesis via suppression of VEGF in human non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer lett 248: 153–163.
  32. Dragnev KH, Petty WJ, Dmitrovsky E (2003) Retinoid targets in cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Cancer Biol Ther 2: S150–156.
  33. Karlsson I, Persson E, Mårtensson J, Börje A. Investigation of the sunscreen octocrylene’s interaction with amino acid analogs in the presence of UV radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2012; 88(4):904–12
  34. Bennàssar A, Grimalt R, Romaguera C, Vilaplana J. Two cases of photocontact allergy to the new sun filter octocrylene. Dermatol Online J 2009; 15(12):14.
  35. Bennàssar A, Grimalt R, Romaguera C, Vilaplana J. Two cases of photocontact allergy to the new sun filter octocrylene. Dermatol Online J 2009; 15(12):14.
  36. Bens G. Sunscreens. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014; 810:429–63
  37. Sheppard HM, Feisst V, Chen J, Print C, Dunbar PR. AHNAK is downregulated in melanoma, predicts poor outcome, and may be required for the expression of functional cadherin-1. Melanoma Res 2016; 26(2):108–16.
  38. Chua RA, Arbiser JL. Molecular patterns in melanoma and therapeutic targets. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2010; 145(5):597–602
  39. Chua RA, Arbiser JL. Molecular patterns in melanoma and therapeutic targets. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 2010; 145(5):597–602
  40. Rodan & Fields. 2016. Frequently asked questions: benzophenone & octocrylene California Prop 65 ingredients. https://lithub.com/pesticides-incendiaries-how-us-chemical-companiesendeared-themselves-to-the-public/. Accessed Sept. 28, 2020.
  41. Superior Court of California, Case No. 1503341. Action Filed Sept 10, 2015. Shefa LMV LLC vs. Concept 2 Cosmetics et al. Marin County Superior Court.
  42. Charlier, M., Helene, C., Carrier, WL. (1972) Photochemical reactions of aromatic ketones with nucleic acids and their components – III. Chain breakage and thymine dimerization in benzophenone photosensitized DNA. Photochem. Photobiol. 15,527-536.
  43. IARC Monograph (2013) Benzophenone. Vol 101.
  44. Rhodes, M.C., Bucher, J.R., Peckham, J.C., Kissling, G.E., Hejtmancik, M.R., Chhabra, RS. (2007) Carcinogenesis studies of benzophenone in rats and mice. Food Chem. Toxicol. 45,843- 851
  45. J. Bennett Cosmetics and Skin: Loose Face Powders (2017)
  46. L. Farber (2nd ed.) Marvin S. Balsam (Ed.), Face Powders. Cosmet., Sci. Technol., vol1, Wiley, New York, N.Y (1972),
  47. ACS] American Cancer Society. 2018a Feb. Risk factors for multiple myeloma. [accessed 2023 Mar 1].
  48. Sharma G, Gadiya J, Dhanawat M. Textbook of cosmetic formulations. Department of Pharmacy, Mewar University, Rajasthan-312. 2018 May; 901.
  49. Environment and Climate Change Canada; Health Canada 2021),
  50. Gordon RE, Fitzgerald S, Millette J. Asbestos in commercial cosmetic talcum powder as a cause of mesothelioma in women. Int J Occup Environ Health. 2014;20(4):318-332.
  51. Wignall BK, Fox AJ. Mortality of female gas mask assemblers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine. 1982;39.
  52. Camargo MC, Stayner LT, Straif K, et al. Occupational Exposure to Asbestos and Ovarian Cancer: A Meta-analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2011;119(9):1211-1217.
  53. Rohl A, Langer A, Selikoff I, et al. Consumer Talcums and Powders: Mineral and Chemical Characterization. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 1976; 2:255-284
  54. Paoletti L, Caiazza S, Donelli G, Pocchiari F. Evaluation by electron microscopy techniques of asbestos contamination in industrial, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical talcs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1984;4(3):222-235.
  55. Blount A. "Amphibole Content of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Talcs" with attached letters and sample key. In:1991IMERY211157-211165.
  56. Blount AM. Amphibole content of cosmetic and pharmaceutical talcs. Environ Health Perspect. 1991; 94:225-230
  57. Jehan N. Sustainable Management of Mineral Resources with Special Reference to Asbestos and Silica in Northern Pakistan. National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar. 2004.
  58. Floyd M. Exhibit PLT-00002-0001: Quantitative Analysis Report for Asbestos in Bulk Material TEM. In:2004.
  59. Mattenklott M. Asbest in Talkumpudern und Speckstein - heutige Situation. Gefahrstoffe - Reinhalt der Luft. 2007;67(7/8):287-291.
  60. Ilgren E, Sartorio, Carlo, Hoskins J. Analysis of an Authentic Historical Italian Cosmetic Talc Sample – Further Evidence for the Lack of Cancer Risk Environment and Pollution. 2017;6(2).
  61. Steffen JE, Tran T, Fassler EA, Egilman DS. Presence of asbestos in consumer talc products: Evaluating a "zero tolerance" policy. APHA; 2017; Atlanta.
  62. Al Awam KA, Johnson S, Alonazi A, Aleeh AA, Aldhamen A, Alhaddad A, Alnouf S, Almutairi F, Zila R, Algoud R, Alghurab D. The effect of cosmetic talc powder on health. Indian Journal of Respiratory Care. 2019 Jan 1;8(1):18-24.
  63. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talcLyon, France World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer201093
  64. HayashiANagaokaMYamadaKIchitaniYMiakeYOkadoNMaternal stress induces synaptic loss and developmental disabilities of offspringInt J Dev Neurosci1998162092169785117
  65. IqbalUDringenbergHCBrienJFReynoldsJNChronic prenatal ethanol exposure alters hippocampal GABAA receptors and impairs spatial learning in the guinea pigBehav Brain Res200415011712515033285
  66. AndersonLMDiwanBAFearNTRomanECritical windows of exposure for children’s health: cancer in human epidemiological studies and neoplasms in experimental animal models Environ Health
  67. AndersonLMPredictive values of traditional animal bioassay studies for human perinatal carcinogenesis risk determinationToxicol Appl Pharmacol2004199216217415313588
  68. DelgadoIFPaumgarttenFRCurrent challenges in toxicological research: evaluation of the developmental toxicity of manufactured nanomaterialsVigilância Sanitaria e m Debate2013141124 Portuguese
  69. SunJLZhangQWangZPYanBEffects of nanotoxicity on female reproductivity and foetal development in animal modelsInt J Mol Sci20131459319933723629667
  70. 1. Halkier-SÖrensen L, Thestrup-Pedersen K. The e¤cacy of a moisturizer (Locobase) among cleaners and kitchen assistants during everyday exposure to water and detergents. Contact Dermatitis 1993; 29: 266 ^ 271.
  71. E¡ect of Long-term Use of Moisturizer on Skin Hydration, Barrier Function and Susceptibility to Irritants ELISABETH HELD, SNJOèLAUG SVEINSDOèTTIR and TOVE AGNER
  72. Sengupta, P.; Borges, E.; Dutta, S.; Krajewska-Kulak, E. Decline in sperm count in European men during the past 50 years. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 201837, 247–255.
  73. David RM, Gans G, Hutzinger O, Staples CA. 2003. Summary of mammalian toxicology and health effects of phthalate esters. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 3Q/2002 Berlin Springer 299-316.
  74. 74.Effects and Mechanisms of Phthalates’ Action on Reproductive      Processes and Reproductive Health: A Literature RevieW
  75. P.B AddisOccurrence of lipid oxidation products in foods Food and Chemical Toxicology (1986)
  76. Lodén M. Effect of moisturizers on epidermal barrier function. ClinDermatol. 2012; 30(3): 286–296.
  77. Saradhi SV, Hawari MJ, Prasad MS, Kumar JS. Spectroscopic Method for Determination of ButylatedHydroxyanisole (BHA). Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2013 Feb 1; 5(2): 35.
  78. Concentrations and probable health risks of potentially toxic metals (Pb, Cd and Cr) in some Nigerian lipstick products
  79. Borowska, S. ∙ Brzóska, M.M. Metals in cosmetics: implications for human health
  80. Karri, V. ∙ Schuhmacher, M. ∙ Kumar, V. Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, as and MeHg) as risk factors for cognitive dysfunction: a general review of metal mixture mechanism in brain
  81. Ebrahimi, M. ∙ Khalili, N. ∙ Razi, S. ...Effects of lead and cadmium on the immune system and cancer progression.
  82. M.S. Collin et al.Bioaccumulation of lead (Pb) and its effects on human: A reviewJ. Hazard. Mater. Adv. (2022)
  83. Lead (Pb) in biological samples in association with cancer risk and mortality: A systematic literature review
  84. Á. Mérida-Ortega et al.Breast cancer and urinary metal mixtures inMexicanwomenEnviron. Res.
  85. Genchi, G.; Sinicropi, M.S.; Lauria, G.; Carocci, A.; Catalano, A. The effects of cadmium toxicity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 202017, 3782.
  86. Chandravanshi, L.; Shiv, K.; Kumar, S. Developmental toxicity of cadmium in infants and children: A review. Environ. Anal. Health Toxicol. 202136, e2021003.
  87. Huang, K.; Li, H.; Zhang, B.; Zheng, T.; Li, Y.; Zhou, A.; Du, X.; Pan, X.; Yang, J.; Wu, C.; et al. Prenatal cadmium exposure and preterm low birth weight in China. J. Exp. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 201727, 491–496
  88. Branca, J.J.V.; Morucci, G.; Pacini, A. Cadmium-induced neurotoxicity: Still much ado. Neural Regen. Res. 201813, 1879–1882
  89. Giaginis C, Gatzidou E, Theocharis S (2006) DNA repair systems as targets of cadmium toxicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 213:282-290
  90. Hartwig A, Asmuss M, Blessing H, Hoffmann S, Jahnke G, Khandelwal S, Pelzer A, Burkle A (2002) Interference by toxic metal ions with zinc-dependent proteins involved in maintaining genomic stability. Food Chem Toxicol 40:1179-1184.
  91. Joseph P (2009) Mechanisms of cadmium carcinogenesis. Toxicol ApplPharmacol 238:272-279.
  92. Rani A, Kumar A, Lal A, Pant M (2014) Cellular                        mechanisms of cadmium-induced toxicity: a review. Int J Environ Health Res 24:378-399.
  93. Principal Component Analysis-Based Reflectance Analysis/Synthesis of Cosmetic Foundation
  94. P. Boré, Cosmetic Analysis: Selective Methods and Techniques (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1985).
  95. Fiume, M. M., Boyer, I., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., et al. (2015). Safety assessment of talc as used in cosmetics. Int. J. Tox 34 (1), 66S-129S–129S. doi:10.1177/1091581815586797
  96. Fiume, M. M., Boyer, I., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., et al. (2015). Safety assessment of talc as used in cosmetics. Int. J. Tox 34 (1), 66S-129S–129S. doi:10.1177/1091581815586797
  97. NTP (2019). Handbook for conducting a literature-based Health assessment using OHAT approach for systematic review and evidence integration. March 4, 2019. Research Triangle Park, NC: Office of Health Assessment and Translation (OHAT)-Division of National Toxicology Program (NTP)-National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences-U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services.
  98. ECHA (2021). Registration dossier: Talc (Mg3H2(Si03)4). EC No.: 238-877-9. CAS No.: 14807-96-6. Helsinki: European Chemicals Agency.
  99. Health Canada (2021). Screening assessment for talc. ISBN 978-0-660-37965-4.
  100. Wehner, A. P., Zwicker, G. M., and Cannon, W. C. (1977). Inhalation of talc baby powder by hamsters. Food Cosmet. Tox 15 (2), 121–129. doi:10.1016/s0015-6264(77)80317-9
  101. Draelos, Z.D. Cosmetics: The Medicine of Beauty; Wiley Online Library: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2015.
  102. Gunn, G. Critical Metals Handbook; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2014.
  103. Gunn, G. Critical Metals Handbook; John Wiley & Sons: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2014.
  104. Khan, K.; Saeed, A.; Alam, M.T. Indusyunic Medicine, Traditional Medicine of Herbal, Animal and Mineral Origin in Pakistan; University of Karachi: Karachi, Pakistan, 1997.
  105. Pop, I.; Nascu, C.; Ionescu, V.; Indrea, E. Structural and optical properties of PbS thin films obtained by chemical deposition. Thin Solid Films 1997307.
  106. Yaish, H.M.; Niazi, G.A.; Al Soby, A. Lead poisoning among Saudi children. Ann. Saudi Med. 199313, 395–401
  107. Tapsoba, I.; Arbault, S.; Walter, P.; Amatore, C. Finding out Egyptian gods’ secret using analytical chemistry: Biomedical properties of Egyptian black makeup revealed by amperometry at single cells. Anal. Chem. 201082, 457–460
  108. Bassal, N.; Mahmoud, H.H.; Fayez-Hassan, M. Elemental composition study of kohl samples. Arab. J. Nucl. Sci. Appl. 201346, 133–140
  109. Al-Qutob, M.A.; Alatrash, H.M.; Abol-Ola, S.; Qutob, M.A. Determination of different heavy metals concentrations in cosmetics purchased from the Palestinian markets by ICP/MS. AES Bioflux. 20135, 1–7
  110. Gouitaa, H.; Bellaouchou, A.; Fekhaoui, M.; El Abidi, A.; Mahnine, N.; Aakame, R.B. Assessment of lead levels in traditional eye cosmetic “kohl” frequently used in Morocco and health hazard. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 20167, 631–637.
  111. Tiffany-Castiglioni, E.; Barhoumi, R.; Mouneimne, Y. Kohl and surma eye cosmetics as significant sources of lead (Pb) exposure. J. Local Glob. Heal. Sci. 20122012.
  112. Lekouch, N.; Sedki, A.; Nejmeddine, A.; Gamon, S. Lead and traditional Moroccan pharmacopoeia. Sci. Total Environ. 2001280.
  113. Awasthi, S.; Awasthi, R.; Pande, V.K.; Srivastav, R.C.; Frumkin, H. Blood lead in pregnant women in the urban slums of Lucknow, India. Occup. Environ. Med. 199653, 836–840
  114. Fatmi, Z.; Sahito, A.; Ikegami, A.; Mizuno, A.; Cui, X.; Mise, N.; Takagi, M.; Kobayashi, Y.; Kayama, F. Lead exposure assessment among pregnant women, newborns, and children: Case study from Karachi, Pakistan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 201714, 413
  115. Nnorom, I.C.; Igwe, J.C.; Oji-Nnorom, C.G. Trace metal contents of facial (make-up) cosmetics commonly used in Nigeria. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 20054, 1–6
  116. Verstraeten, S.V.; Aimo, L.; Oteiza, P.I. Aluminium and lead: Molecular mechanisms of brain toxicity. Arch. Toxicol. 200882, 789–802.
  117. Needleman, H.L.; Schell, A.; Bellinger, D.; Leviton, A.; Allred, E.N. The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990322, 83–88
  118. S.A. Al Hazza et al.Kohl: a hazardous eyeliner Int. Ophthalmol.(1995)
  119. A.D. Hardy et al.Composition of eye cosmetics (kohls) used in CairoJ. Environ. Health Res.(2004)
  120. P. habibullah et al.Studies on the chemical composition of kohl stone by x-ray diffractometer Pak. J. Pharm..Sci. (2010)
  121. C.D. Klaasen et al.Toxicology, The basic science of poisons(1996)
  122. C.D. Klaasen et al. Toxicology, The basic science of poisons(1996)
  123. M. Milan et al. Diagnostics of silicon plasmas produced by visible nanosecond laser ablation Spectrochim. Acta Part B (2001)
  124. N. Ashoub et al. Study of the elemental content of some natural and synthetic eye cosmetics Energy Environ. Res. (2013)
  125. J. García-Lestón et al. Assessment of immunotoxicity parameters in individuals occupationally exposed to lead J. Toxicol. Environ. Health A (2012)
  126. Detection of highly toxic elements (lead and chromium) in commercially available eyeliner (kohl) using laser induced break down spectroscopy
  127. B. Kaličanin, and D. Velimirović, “A study of the possible harmful effects of cosmetic  beauty  products  on  human  health,” Biological  trace  element research,vol. 170, no. 2, pp. 476484, 2016
  128. D. S. Lim, T. H. Roh, M. K. Kim, Y. C. Kwon, S. M. Choi, S. J. Kwack, K. B. Kim, S. Yoon, H. S. Kim, and B.-M. Lee, “Non-cancer, cancer, and dermal sensitization  risk  assessment  of  heavy  metals  in  cosmetics,Journal  of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A,vol. 81, no. 11, pp. 432452, 2018
  129. O. Z. Moraa, “Levels of selected heavy  metal  in  aloe  vera  branded  skin cosmetics,”Master thesis, 2014
  130. M. Blanusa, V. M. Varnai, M. Piasek, and K. Kostial, “Chelators as antidotes of metal toxicity: therapeutic and experimental aspects,” Current medicinal chemistry,vol. 12, no. 23, pp. 2771-2794, 2005
  131. C.  Fasanya-Odewumi,  L.  M.  Latinwo,  C.  O.  Ikediobi,  L.  Gilliard,  G.Sponholtz,  J.  Nwoga,  F.  Stino,  N.  Hamilton,  and  G.  W. Erdos,“The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of dermally-administered cadmium: effects of dermal cadmium administration,” Int  J  Mol  Med,vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 1001-6, Jun, 1998.
  132. O.  Orisakwe,  "Other  heavy  metals:  antimony,  cadmium,chromium  and mercury," Toxicity of building materials, pp. 297-333: Elsevier, 2012.
  133. .I. Yunusa, M. Ibrahim, H. Yakasai, I. Ahmad, C. Odo, Z. Gidado, Z.Rabiu, N. Kabir, and L. Ezeanyika, “Heavy metals in female adolescents,”Age (years),vol. 1, pp. 0.31
  134. M.  Trzcinka-Ochocka,  M.  Jakubowski,  W.  Szymczak,  B.  Janasik,  andR.Brodzka, “The effects of low environmental cadmium exposure bone density,Environmental research,vol. 110, no. 3, pp. 286-293, 2010.
  135. Dyck SV, Gerbaux P, Flammang P. Qualitative and quantitative saponin contents in five sea cucumbers from the Indian Ocean. Mar Drugs. 2010 Jan;8(1):173-89.
  136. Nabavi, S. F., A. Di Lorenzo, M. Izadi, E. Sobarzo-Sa´nchez, M. Daglia, and S. M. Nabavi. 2015. Antibacterial effects of cinnamon: from farm to food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Nutrients 7: 7729–7748.
  137. Naveed, R., I. Hussain, A. Tawab, M. Tariq, M. Rahman, S. Hameed, M. S. Mahmood, A. B. Siddique, and M. Iqbal. 2013. Antimicrobial activity of the bioactive components of essential oils from Pakistani spices against Salmonella and other multi-drug resistant bacteria. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 13: 265.
  138. Farooqui, A., A. Khan, I. Borghetto, S. U. Kazmi, S. Rubino, and B. Paglietti. 2015. Synergistic antimicrobial activity of Camellia sinensis and Juglans regia against multidrug-resistant bacteria. PLoS One 10: e0118431
  139. Microencapsulation of retinyl palmitate by meldispersion for cosmetic application Aditi Nandy, Eliza Lee, Abhyuday Mandal, Raha Saremi & Suraj Sharma
  140. cactus extract possesses antioxidant properties and, furthermore, enhances the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of sunscreen agents.
  141. M. T. Benaniba and V. Massardier-Nageotte, ‘‘Evaluation effects of biobased plasticizer on the thermal, mechanical, dynamical mechanical properties, and permanence of plasticized PVC,’’ J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 118, no. 6, pp. 3499–3508, 2010.
  142. Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, ‘‘Phthalates and their alterna -tives: Health and environmental concerns,’’ Univ. Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA, 2011
  143. Adams, P., Nelson, D.E., Yamada, S., Chmara, W., Jensen, R.G., Bohnert, H.J., Griffiths, H. (1998): Growth and development of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Aizoaceae). –The New Phytologist 138(2): 171-190.
  144. Bouftira, I., Abdelly, C., Sfar, S. (2007): Identification of a naturally occurring 2, 6-bis (1.1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol from purple leaves of the halophyte plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. – African Journal of Biotechnology 6(9): 1136-1139.
  145. Vigan M. La mise en place d’un système de dermato allergovigilance dans l’allergie de contact. Rev Fr Allergol Immunol Clin 2000; 40: 381-3.

Cosmetics are the products that can beautify and cleanse the face and skin daily. The world is gradually increasing its usage of cosmetics, which is accompanied by an increase in the side effects caused by the ingredients present in these products. Nowadays, people are exposed to a wide range of hazardous chemicals in the form of cosmetic products, such as skin care products, which include soaps, sunscreen, powders, moisturizer, makeup foundation, and kohl. Cosmetics contain several ingredients that improve the quality of the product but may be hazardous to health. In this review paper, converse about the composition, side effects, and also alternatives of some harmful ingredients used in cosmetics based on different review papers.

Keywords : Cancer, Skin Care Products, Hazardous Chemicals, Adverse Effects.

Never miss an update from Papermashup

Get notified about the latest tutorials and downloads.

Subscribe by Email

Get alerts directly into your inbox after each post and stay updated.
Subscribe
OR

Subscribe by RSS

Add our RSS to your feedreader to get regular updates from us.
Subscribe