Data security has become a significant concern in recent times, with the increasing amount of sensitive data being stored and transferred through digital channels. This paper explores the various aspects of data security, including the threats, vulnerabilities, and countermeasures. The paper delves into the importance of data security, the types of threats that exist, and the consequences of data breaches. The paper also covers the various techniques and technologies that can be used to ensure data security, including encryption, firewalls, access control, and intrusion detection systems. The research methodology used in this paper involved an extensive review of the literature on data security. The findings show that the most common types of data security threats include hacking, malware, phishing, and social engineering. The consequences of data breaches can be severe, including financial losses, reputational damage, and legal liability. The paper highlights the importance of data security in various sectors, including healthcare, finance, and government. The paper also explores the various data security regulations and standards that exist, including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Compliance with these regulations and standards is essential for organizations that deal with sensitive data.

Keywords : Data security, Threats, Vulnerabilities, Countermeasures, Regulations, Compliance, Technologies.