Authors :
Asagba Oghenefejiro Benedict
Volume/Issue :
Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 8 - August
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/3vrr98pu
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/yc3j5nte
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25aug740
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Abstract :
Traditional irrigation methods waste 30–50% of water through evaporation and runoff, exacerbating resource
scarcity in drought-prone regions. This paper presents the design, simulation, and validation of a Solar-Powered Automatic
Irrigation System (SPAIS) integrating IoT-based soil moisture sensing, adaptive control algorithms (Arduino), and
renewable energy. Monte Carlo simulations (10,000 trials) evaluated three operational scenarios: Test 1 (6.73 L/min flow)
achieved 403.66 L/day water delivery with 23.78% solar efficiency; Test 2 (20 L/min, high-demand) delivered 2,345 L/day at
11.2% efficiency, suitable for water-intensive crops like maize; Test 3 confirmed reliability under 5% sensor noise. Economic
analysis revealed a 0.92-year payback for high-demand crops versus petrol alternatives, with CO2 reductions of 111.57
kg/year. The system demonstrates viability for smallholder farms in water-scarce regions like Northern Nigeria, enhancing
precision agriculture through theoretical modeling and resource optimization.
Keywords :
Solar-Powered Irrigation, IoT Automation, Precision Agriculture, Monte Carlo Simulation, Water-Energy Efficiency, O- off-Grid Farming, Sustainable Agriculture.
References :
- FAO. (2020). Crop evapotranspiration: Guidelines for computing water requirements. Irrigation Drainage Paper 56.
- Allen, R. G. et al. (1998). Crop Evapotranspiration. FAO.
- IRENA. (2021). Renewable Energy for Agri-food Systems. Abu Dhabi.
- Global Solar Atlas. (2025). Photovoltaic Power Potential: Nigeria.
- Asagba, O. B. (2025). Design and research of automatic irrigation system. South Ural State University Press.
- Nwaiwu, I. U. et al. (2013). Determinants of agricultural sustainability in Southeast Nigeria. Global Journal of Agricultural Research, 1(1), 1–13.
- NASA POWER. (2025). Meteorological Data Archive.
- World Bank. (2023). Nigeria - Grid Reliability Assessment.
Traditional irrigation methods waste 30–50% of water through evaporation and runoff, exacerbating resource
scarcity in drought-prone regions. This paper presents the design, simulation, and validation of a Solar-Powered Automatic
Irrigation System (SPAIS) integrating IoT-based soil moisture sensing, adaptive control algorithms (Arduino), and
renewable energy. Monte Carlo simulations (10,000 trials) evaluated three operational scenarios: Test 1 (6.73 L/min flow)
achieved 403.66 L/day water delivery with 23.78% solar efficiency; Test 2 (20 L/min, high-demand) delivered 2,345 L/day at
11.2% efficiency, suitable for water-intensive crops like maize; Test 3 confirmed reliability under 5% sensor noise. Economic
analysis revealed a 0.92-year payback for high-demand crops versus petrol alternatives, with CO2 reductions of 111.57
kg/year. The system demonstrates viability for smallholder farms in water-scarce regions like Northern Nigeria, enhancing
precision agriculture through theoretical modeling and resource optimization.
Keywords :
Solar-Powered Irrigation, IoT Automation, Precision Agriculture, Monte Carlo Simulation, Water-Energy Efficiency, O- off-Grid Farming, Sustainable Agriculture.
