Authors : Daouda Traore; Dr. Bakary Moro Traore; Ousmane Sy; Dr. Abdoul Salam Diarra; Dr. Moussa Kone; Dr. Mory Bengaly; Lamine Doumbia

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 10 - October

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/4jba9d6e

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26Oct214

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Introduction: Non-vaccination or under-vaccination remains a significant public health problem. This study aim is to identify determinants of non-vaccination or under-vaccination among children aged 12–23 months in Diema Health District during 2025.  Methods: This was an analytical observational case-control study conducted from March 1 to April 30, 2026, in Diema health district. It included mothers or caregivers of children aged 12–23 months who were unvaccinated or under-vaccinated (cases) and those whose children’s vaccination status was up to date (controls). Data collection took place at community health centers and in the community using a standardized face-to-face questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0.

Keywords : Children; Determining Factors; Vaccination, Diema.

References :

1. Felicitee N, Hermann ND, Andreas C, Evelyn M, Guy W, Michel M, et al. Determinants and Reasons for Incomplete Vaccination Among Children Hospitalized at Two Pediatric Referral Hospitals in Yaoundé. 2018;19:8.
2. Antai D. Inequitable childhood immunization uptake in Nigeria : a multilevel analysis of individual and contextual determinants. BMC Infectious Diseases, 2009;9(181):1-10.
3. Odusanya OO, Alufohai EF, Meurice FP, & Ahonkhai VI. Determinants of vaccination coverage in rural Nigeria. BMC Public Health, 2008; 8(381):1-8.
4. World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Report of the International Conference on Primary Health Care. Alma-Ata (USSR), September 6–12, 1978. Geneva (Switzerland): WHO; 1978. Online: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/ 39243 /9242800001. pdf?sequence = 1&isAllowed=y.
5. Andre, F. E., Booy, R., Bock, H. L., Clemens, J., Datta, S. K., John, T. J., ... & Schmitt, H. J. (2008). Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86(2), 140–146.
6. WHO. Immunization coverage [Internet]. 2016. Disponible sur: http:// www.who .int/ mediacentre / factsheets/fs378/en/
7. Larson HJ, Hartigan-Go K, de Figueiredo A. Vaccine confidence plummets in the Philippines following dengue vaccine scare: why it matters to pandemic preparedness. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(3):625‑7.
8. WHO. Global Immunization Vision and Strategy 2006–2015 [Internet]. Available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/givs/fr/
9. Clark, A., & Sanderson, C. (2009). Timing of children's vaccinations in 45 low-income and middle-income countries: An analysis of survey data. The Lancet, 373(9674), 1543–1549.
10. Nath L, Kaur P, Tripathi S. Evaluation of the universal immunization program and challenges in coverage of migrant children in Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. Indian J Community Med. 2015;40(4):239‑45.
11. Hu X, Xiao S, Chen B, Sa Z. Gaps in the 2010 measles SIA coverage among migrant children in Beijing: Evidence from a parental survey. Vaccine. 2012;30(39):5721‑5.
12. Seck I, Diop B, Leye MMM, Mboup BM, Ndiaye A, Seck PA, et al. Social determinants of routine vaccination coverage among children aged 12 to 23 months in the Kaolack region, Senegal. Public Health. 2016;28(6):807–15.
13. Godoy-Ramirez K, Byström E, Lindstrand A, Butler R, Ascher H, Kulane A. Exploring childhood immunization among undocumented migrants in Sweden. Following qualitative study and the World Health Organizations Guide to Tailoring Immunization Programs (TIP). Public Health. 2019; 171:97‑105.
14. DHIS2.Mali.2025. Available at: https://dhis2.snissmali.ml/dhis/dhis-web-data-visualizer/index.html#/
15. Nath L, Kaur P, Tripathi S. Evaluation of the universal immunization program and challenges in coverage of migrant children in Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. Indian J Community Med. 2015;40(4):239‑45.
16. Serge Esako Toirambe, Tady Camara, Mohamed Khalis, Zineb Serhier, Nada Darkaoui, Kenza Hassouni, Radouane Belouali, Manar Jallal. Predictive Factors for Incomplete Vaccination Among Migrant Children Under 5 Years of Age, Morocco. Public Health 2021/3, Vol. 33, pp. 435–443.
17. Ba Pouth SFB, Kazambu D, Delissaint D, Kobela M. Vaccination coverage and factors associated with incomplete vaccination among children aged 12 to 23 months in the Djoungolo-Cameroon health district in 2012. Pan Afr Med J. 2014;17:91.
18. Jani JV, De Schacht C, Jani IV, Bjune G. Risk factors for incomplete vaccination and missed opportunity for immunization in rural Mozambique. BMC Public Health. 2008;8(1):161.
19. Hu X, Xiao S, Chen B, Sa Z. Gaps in the 2010 measles SIA coverage among migrant children in Beijing: Evidence from a parental survey. Vaccine. 2012;30(39):5721‑5.
20. Hu Y, Li Q, Luo S, Lou L, Qi X, Xie S. Timeliness vaccination of measles containing vaccine and barriers to vaccination among migrant children in East China. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e73264.