Authors : Dr. Rajib Kumar Majumdar; Prashant Saraswat; Shadaab Malik

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 3 - March

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/jfkzh4e3

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/bdfb8ypw

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26mar1539

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Morbidity and mortality after surgery are still an important measure of quality of surgical practice and patient safety across the globe. Although the perioperative care has improved significantly, a high percentage of surgical patients have complications, which impact negatively on long- and short-term survival. These are the results of a complicated combination of patient-specific factors, the nature of the procedure, perioperative care, and social determinants of health in general. The article is a narrative review that summarizes the traditional and modern evidence on postoperative morbidity and mortality determinants in surgical specialties, especially among older adults, high-risk procedures, emergency surgery, and systemic susceptibility. Besides, illustrative analyses with 85 primary cohort of surgical patients are also provided to show the relative contribution of clinical risk factors, biochemical risk factors and social risk factors. The results support the notion that the postoperative outcomes are not purely dependent on the procedures, but cumulative biological, psychosocial, and health-system factors, which contributes to the importance of the integrated, risk-stratified approaches to perioperative.

Keywords : Postoperative Complications; Surgical Mortality; Risk Factors; Perioperative Care; Social Determinants of Health; Surgical Outcomes.

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