Determination of Heavy Metals in Some Selected Flavour Drinks in Nigeria


Authors : Ibrahim Sani; Muhammad Mukhtar; Muhammad Hassan; Abdulmumini Hamisu

Volume/Issue : Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 7 - July


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/3e8jx23s

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/m6md8xtx

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL569

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : The level of heavy metals contamination in flavor drinks has not been investigated in Nigeria. This research was aimed at arsenic at the level of heavy metals contamination in five (5) different powdered flavor drinks commonly sold in Nigerian local markets using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after acid digestion (HNO3, H2SO4 &HCLO4) in the ratio 1:1:1. The results showed the presence of heavy metals that are considered toxic such cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, and arsenic at concentrations range between 0.040-0.199, 0.075-0.260, 0.132-0.487, 0.091-0.1324 and 0.221-1.185 mg/L respectively and were found to be above the maximum contaminant level sets by USEPA (2011). Other heavy metals such as chromium, cobalt, copper, selenium, manganese, and iron that are considered essential and less toxic were also determined using this method.

Keywords : Flavor Drinks & Heavy Metals.

References :

  1. Adepoju-Bello, A., Oo, O., Mt, O., Gaa, A., & Hab, C. (2012). Analysis of selected metallic impurities in soft drinks marketed in Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(20), 4676–4680. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.3851
  2. Azeh, E., Cynthia, I., Uchenna, I., Marcellus, U., Eugene, A. L., & Amarachukwu, O. (2015). Determination of some soft drink constituents and contamination by some heavy metals in Nigeria. 2, 384–390.
  3. Bingöl, M., Yentür, G., Er, B., & Öktem, A. B. (2010). Determination of Some Heavy Metal Levels in Soft Drinks from Turkey Using ICP-OES Method. 28(3), 213–216.
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  6. Godwill, E. A., Jane, I. C., Scholastica, I. U., Marcellus, U., Eugene, A. L., & Gloria, O. A. (2015). Determination of some soft drink constituents and contamination by some heavy metals in Nigeria. Toxicology Reports, 2, 384–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.01.014
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  11. Woyessa, G. W., Kassa, S. B., Demissie, E. G., & Srivastava, L. (2015). International Journal of Current Research in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Determination of the Level of Some Trace and Heavy Metals in Some Soft Drinks of Ethiopia. Int. J. Curr.Res.Chem.Pharma.Sci, 2(3), 84–88.
  12. Zhong, W. S., Ren, T., & Zhao, L. J. (2016). Determination of Pb (Lead), Cd (Cadmium), Cr (Chromium), Cu (Copper), and Ni (Nickel) in Chinese tea with high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 24(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2015.04.010

The level of heavy metals contamination in flavor drinks has not been investigated in Nigeria. This research was aimed at arsenic at the level of heavy metals contamination in five (5) different powdered flavor drinks commonly sold in Nigerian local markets using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after acid digestion (HNO3, H2SO4 &HCLO4) in the ratio 1:1:1. The results showed the presence of heavy metals that are considered toxic such cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, and arsenic at concentrations range between 0.040-0.199, 0.075-0.260, 0.132-0.487, 0.091-0.1324 and 0.221-1.185 mg/L respectively and were found to be above the maximum contaminant level sets by USEPA (2011). Other heavy metals such as chromium, cobalt, copper, selenium, manganese, and iron that are considered essential and less toxic were also determined using this method.

Keywords : Flavor Drinks & Heavy Metals.

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