Authors :
Ibrahim Sani; Muhammad Mukhtar; Muhammad Hassan; Abdulmumini Hamisu
Volume/Issue :
Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 7 - July
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/3e8jx23s
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/m6md8xtx
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUL569
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
The level of heavy metals contamination in
flavor drinks has not been investigated in Nigeria. This
research was aimed at arsenic at the level of heavy metals
contamination in five (5) different powdered flavor drinks
commonly sold in Nigerian local markets using atomic
absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after acid digestion
(HNO3, H2SO4 &HCLO4) in the ratio 1:1:1. The results
showed the presence of heavy metals that are considered
toxic such cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, and arsenic at
concentrations range between 0.040-0.199, 0.075-0.260,
0.132-0.487, 0.091-0.1324 and 0.221-1.185 mg/L
respectively and were found to be above the maximum
contaminant level sets by USEPA (2011). Other heavy
metals such as chromium, cobalt, copper, selenium,
manganese, and iron that are considered essential and less
toxic were also determined using this method.
Keywords :
Flavor Drinks & Heavy Metals.
References :
- Adepoju-Bello, A., Oo, O., Mt, O., Gaa, A., & Hab, C. (2012). Analysis of selected metallic impurities in soft drinks marketed in Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(20), 4676–4680. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.3851
- Azeh, E., Cynthia, I., Uchenna, I., Marcellus, U., Eugene, A. L., & Amarachukwu, O. (2015). Determination of some soft drink constituents and contamination by some heavy metals in Nigeria. 2, 384–390.
- Bingöl, M., Yentür, G., Er, B., & Öktem, A. B. (2010). Determination of Some Heavy Metal Levels in Soft Drinks from Turkey Using ICP-OES Method. 28(3), 213–216.
- Darkwah, G., Ankar, G., Barimah, J., Owiah, G., & Abe-inge, V. (2020). Quality assessment of some selected locally produced and marketed soft drinks in Ghana. Scientific African, 8, e00341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00341]
- EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), 2011 Edition of the Drinking Water Standards and Health Advisories, Office of Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 2011, pp. 8, 719–726, 731–732
- Godwill, E. A., Jane, I. C., Scholastica, I. U., Marcellus, U., Eugene, A. L., & Gloria, O. A. (2015). Determination of some soft drink constituents and contamination by some heavy metals in Nigeria. Toxicology Reports, 2, 384–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.01.014
- May, P., & Alzaid, H. M. (2016). Study of Trace and Heavy Metals Content of Soft Drinks in the State of Kuwait. 6(5), 1–6.
- Ogunlana, O. O., Ogunlana, O. E., Akinsanya, A. E., & Ologbenla, O. O. (2015a). Research Paper HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SOFT DRINKS IN NIGERIA. 4(2), 1335–1338.
- Ogunlana, O. O., Ogunlana, O. E., Akinsanya, A. E., & Ologbenla, O. O. (2015b). Research Paper HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SOFT DRINKS IN NIGERIA. 4(2), 1335–1338.
- WHO, WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, 4th ed., 2011, pp. 72–475, Geneva
- Woyessa, G. W., Kassa, S. B., Demissie, E. G., & Srivastava, L. (2015). International Journal of Current Research in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Determination of the Level of Some Trace and Heavy Metals in Some Soft Drinks of Ethiopia. Int. J. Curr.Res.Chem.Pharma.Sci, 2(3), 84–88.
- Zhong, W. S., Ren, T., & Zhao, L. J. (2016). Determination of Pb (Lead), Cd (Cadmium), Cr (Chromium), Cu (Copper), and Ni (Nickel) in Chinese tea with high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 24(1), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfda.2015.04.010
The level of heavy metals contamination in
flavor drinks has not been investigated in Nigeria. This
research was aimed at arsenic at the level of heavy metals
contamination in five (5) different powdered flavor drinks
commonly sold in Nigerian local markets using atomic
absorption spectroscopy (AAS) after acid digestion
(HNO3, H2SO4 &HCLO4) in the ratio 1:1:1. The results
showed the presence of heavy metals that are considered
toxic such cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, and arsenic at
concentrations range between 0.040-0.199, 0.075-0.260,
0.132-0.487, 0.091-0.1324 and 0.221-1.185 mg/L
respectively and were found to be above the maximum
contaminant level sets by USEPA (2011). Other heavy
metals such as chromium, cobalt, copper, selenium,
manganese, and iron that are considered essential and less
toxic were also determined using this method.
Keywords :
Flavor Drinks & Heavy Metals.