Authors :
Alfred A. J; Mohammed, M. I
Volume/Issue :
Volume 7 - 2022, Issue 4 - April
Google Scholar :
https://bit.ly/3IIfn9N
Scribd :
https://bit.ly/3khiMSU
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6486834
Abstract :
This study aims to evaluate the levels of seven
metals (viz:Aluminium, Cadmium, Chromium, Iron,
Mercury, Lead and Zinc) in the gills, livers and muscles
of seven different imported fish species (viz:Trachurus,
Clupea, Scomber, Undulatus, Gadus, Argentine and
Oreochromis) sold at the popular Fish market of Kano
Line, Kano State Nigeria and to conduct a risk
assessment for human consumers. Atomic Absorption
Spectrometer (Perkin Elmer PinAAcle 900H) was used
to determine the presence of the metals. A 100% metal
recovery range for all assayed metals was detected, with
the highest concentration recorded in Iron(Fe)
(13.33±0.0022mg/kg) and the lowest concentration was
found in Cadmium(Cd) (0.001±0.0009mg/kg). The
general order of metal bioaccumulation measured in the
fish tissues were in the order; Fe > Zn > Hg > Cr > Pb >
Al > Cd in the gills, and Fe >Zn >Al > Hg> Cr >Pd >Cd
in the livers, and Zn > Fe > Hg > Pb > Al > Cr > Cd in
the fish flesh (muscle). The majority of all the metals
analyzed in all the tissues of the fish samples were lower
than maximum levels by FAO/WHO guidelines except
for Mercury (Hg) in the gills and flesh of Oreochromis,
and Aluminium (Al) in the livers of all samples and in
the gills of Oreochromis and Trachurus. The estimation
of the Target Hazard Risk and Hazard Index (noncarcinogenic risk) indicated no adverse health effects
from the consumption of the fishes , although, the
elevated levels in Oreochromis muscle needs to be
closely monitored. The Target Cancer Risk (carcinogenic
risk) was also observed to be of low significance, but not
ignorable, especially in the Chromium levels of clupea
harengus and Oreochromis. The estimated maximum
safe consumption (MSC) levels for the metals showed
that Mercury (Hg) may cause significant health effects in
humans if Oreochromis, Gadus and undulates are
consumed in a large amount.
Keywords :
Health risk assessment, Target Hazard Quotient, Maximum safe consumption, Metals, Fishes.
This study aims to evaluate the levels of seven
metals (viz:Aluminium, Cadmium, Chromium, Iron,
Mercury, Lead and Zinc) in the gills, livers and muscles
of seven different imported fish species (viz:Trachurus,
Clupea, Scomber, Undulatus, Gadus, Argentine and
Oreochromis) sold at the popular Fish market of Kano
Line, Kano State Nigeria and to conduct a risk
assessment for human consumers. Atomic Absorption
Spectrometer (Perkin Elmer PinAAcle 900H) was used
to determine the presence of the metals. A 100% metal
recovery range for all assayed metals was detected, with
the highest concentration recorded in Iron(Fe)
(13.33±0.0022mg/kg) and the lowest concentration was
found in Cadmium(Cd) (0.001±0.0009mg/kg). The
general order of metal bioaccumulation measured in the
fish tissues were in the order; Fe > Zn > Hg > Cr > Pb >
Al > Cd in the gills, and Fe >Zn >Al > Hg> Cr >Pd >Cd
in the livers, and Zn > Fe > Hg > Pb > Al > Cr > Cd in
the fish flesh (muscle). The majority of all the metals
analyzed in all the tissues of the fish samples were lower
than maximum levels by FAO/WHO guidelines except
for Mercury (Hg) in the gills and flesh of Oreochromis,
and Aluminium (Al) in the livers of all samples and in
the gills of Oreochromis and Trachurus. The estimation
of the Target Hazard Risk and Hazard Index (noncarcinogenic risk) indicated no adverse health effects
from the consumption of the fishes , although, the
elevated levels in Oreochromis muscle needs to be
closely monitored. The Target Cancer Risk (carcinogenic
risk) was also observed to be of low significance, but not
ignorable, especially in the Chromium levels of clupea
harengus and Oreochromis. The estimated maximum
safe consumption (MSC) levels for the metals showed
that Mercury (Hg) may cause significant health effects in
humans if Oreochromis, Gadus and undulates are
consumed in a large amount.
Keywords :
Health risk assessment, Target Hazard Quotient, Maximum safe consumption, Metals, Fishes.
