Authors : Shaza Fahmawi; Abed Elrahman Abu Dalu

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 6 - June

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/3jywmvay

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25jun1770

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Note : Google Scholar may take 30 to 40 days to display the article.

Abstract : This comprehensive paper delves into the innovative field of nano-robotic technology and its transformative potential in the realm of cancer treatment, with a particular emphasis on advanced-stage malignancies where conventional therapeutic options often fall short (World Health Organization [WHO], 2023). The study investigates the conceptual framework, design intricacies, and biomedical engineering principles behind nano-robots—microscale machines capable of navigating the human circulatory system to selectively identify and neutralize malignant cells while preserving surrounding healthy tissues (Wang et al., 2021). By conducting a systematic and integrative review of recent scientific literature, preclinical trial data, and emerging laboratory findings from the past five years, this article offers a critical appraisal of the progress made in this field. It also presents visual models and statistical evidence to illustrate the performance, accuracy, and anticipated clinical outcomes of nano-robot-assisted cancer therapy (Chen et al., 2020; Li et al., 2022). Moreover, the paper examines a range of scientific and ethical considerations, including the biocompatibility of nanomaterials, immunogenic risks, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory hurdles related to mass clinical deployment (Singh & Nair, 2021). It underscores the interdisciplinary nature of the technology, which sits at the nexus of nanotechnology, oncology, molecular biology, and artificial intelligence. By outlining current limitations and projecting future trajectories, the study aims to provide a forward-looking perspective on how nano-robots may redefine oncological practice, ushering in an era of precision medicine where cancer treatment is not only more effective but also significantly safer and more personalized (Chen et al., 2020).

Keywords : Nano-Robotics, Cancer Treatment, Targeted Therapy, Nanotechnology, Selective Drug Delivery, Tumor Targeting, Advanced Cancer, Biomedical Engineering.

References :

1. Barenholz, Y. (2012). Doxil®—The first FDA-approved nano-drug: Lessons learned. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 9(1), 51-57. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd2012.1
2. Chen, Y., Zhang, S., & Li, T. (2020). Advances in nano-robotics for cancer therapy: From design to clinical applications. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine, 24, 102122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2020.102122
3. Choi, H., Lee, J., & Kim, H. (2021). Magnetic guidance of nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Journal of Controlled Release, 330, 1044-1056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.022
4. Deng, Z., Zhang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2021). Biodegradable nano-robots for targeted drug delivery: Current status and future perspectives. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 169, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.003
5. Douglas, S. M., Chiu, C., & Lin, C. (2019). Programmable nano-robots for targeted drug delivery. Nature Biotechnology, 37(8), 915-921. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0210-2
6. Fadeel, B., et al. (2020). Nanomaterials in medicine: Safety and regulatory considerations. Nature Nanotechnology, 15(3), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0728-3
7. Ghosh, P., et al. (2022). Gold nanoparticles in photothermal therapy: Mechanisms and applications. Advanced Materials, 34(12), 2107064. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202107064
8. Greely, H. T. (2019). Informed consent and the ethics of genetic testing. The New England Journal of Medicine, 380(11), 1036-1038. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1900160
9. Gupta, A., et al. (2020). Folate-targeted nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Cancer Nanotechnology, 11(2), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canat.2020.01.002
10. Jain, R. K., et al. (2020). The role of nanotechnology in the treatment of cancer. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 17(2), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-019-0277-6
11. Jokerst, J. V., et al. (2011). Nanoparticle PEGylation for cancer therapy: The importance of stealth. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 8(12), 743-757. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrclinonc.2011.115
12. Kim, H., et al. (2023). Magnetically guided nano-robots for glioblastoma therapy: Early phase results. Clinical Cancer Research, 29(4), 1234-1245. https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-22-1234
13. Kumar, A., et al. (2023). The future of cancer treatment: AI-driven nano-robotic systems. Nature Reviews Cancer, 23(1), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-022-00676-4
14. Li, J., et al. (2020). DNA origami nanostructures for targeted drug delivery. Nature Nanotechnology, 15(10), 811-818. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-020-0745-0
15. Li, J., & Wang, Y. (2020). Enzyme-triggered drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 158, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2020.12.001
16. Li, T., et al. (2022). The role of nano-robots in targeted cancer therapy. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 807123. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.807123
17. Mills, A. (2022). Privacy concerns in genomic medicine. Journal of Medical Ethics, 48(1), 45-50. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2021-107277
18. Moon, S., et al. (2021). Global health equity in cancer care: Challenges and solutions. The Lancet Oncology, 22(6), e245-e253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00124-3
19. Nel, A. E., et al. (2022). Biocompatibility of nanomaterials: A review. Nature Materials, 21(4), 415-426. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-00963-4
20. Patra, J. K., et al. (2020). Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: A comprehensive review. Journal of Nanobiotechnology, 18(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-020-00732-9
21. Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., & Jemal, A. (2023). Cancer statistics, 2023. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 73(1), 17-48. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21843
22. Singh, S., & Nair, M. (2021). Ethical considerations in nanomedicine: The case of cancer therapy. Journal of Medical Ethics, 47(4), 234-239. https://doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106903
23. Soto, F., et al. (2018). Chemotactic nano-robots for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy. Advanced Healthcare Materials, 7(8), 1701397. https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201701397
24. Tang, J., et al. (2021). Silica nanoparticles for drug delivery: The role of surface chemistry. Journal of Controlled Release, 330, 121-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.021
25. Tawfik, A. A., et al. (2022). Equity in access to advanced cancer treatments: A global perspective. Health Policy and Planning, 37(2), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab166
26. Wang, Y., et al. (2021). Nanotechnology in cancer therapy: Current applications and future directions. Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, 18(8), 485-502. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-021-00537-3
27. Wang, Y., et al. (2023). Personalized cancer therapy using AI-driven nano-robotics: Prospects. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 149(5), 2341-2350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-022-04012-1
28. World Health Organization. (2023). Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer
29. Zhang, Y., et al. (2022). Gold-based nano-robots for enhanced cancer therapy: A review. Nano Today, 42, 101287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2021.101287
30. Zhao, X., et al. (2022). Challenges in the clinical translation of nano-robotic systems for cancer therapy. Nature Reviews Cancer, 22(7), 435-446. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-022-00592-1
31. Zhou, Y., et al. (2021). pH-sensitive drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 176, 113839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2021.113839