Authors : Md. Israil Hossain; Asif Ahmed; Md. Rezaul Karim

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 7 - July

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/52ayszpe

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/5u5nsa3m

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jul664

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : This study investigates the effectiveness of lemon juice as a natural biomordant in the dyeing of cotton knitted fabric using natural dye extracted from fresh eucalyptus leaves through an aqueous extraction method, while lemon juice was extracted manually using a hand press. The scoured-bleached cotton samples (10 g) were dyed without mordant and with varying dye solution to mordant ratios (1:0.1, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, and 1:0.5). Dyeing performance was evaluated in terms of color fastness to washing (ISO 105 C06) and light (ISO 105 B02), bursting strength (ISO 13938-2) in kPa and color strength (K/S value). The results revealed moderate color fastness to washing, with acceptable ratings for both color changing and staining, and showed good resistance to fading against light. The bursting strength analysis confirmed that the fabric strength increased to a maximum of 511 kPa from 405 kPa due to the presence of citric acid, which helps to facilitate esterification and hydrogen bonding between cellulose and dye molecules, improving dye fixation. The K/S values increased from 2.4 to 3.3 with a dye-to-mordant ratio of 1:0.3, after which the color strength value decreased slightly due to a higher acidic condition. Thereby, the use of lemon juice as a natural biomordant enhances dye fixation and color durability without compromising fabric strength and can serve as an effective, eco-friendly alternative to conventional mordants, contributing to sustainable textile dyeing practices.

Keywords : Natural Dye, Eucalyptus Leaves, Lemon Juice Biomordant, Cotton Knitted Fabric, Color Fastness.

References :

1. MERDAN N, EYUPOGLU S, DUMAN M N. Ecological and sustainable natural dyes [M]. Textiles and clothing sustainability: sustainable textile chemical processes. Springer. 2016: 1-41.
2. MAKVANDI P, IFTEKHAR S, PIZZETTI F, et al. Functionalization of polymers and nanomaterials for water treatment, food packaging, textile and biomedical applications: a review [J]. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2021, 19(1): 583-611.
3. MUTHU S S. Roadmap to sustainable textiles and clothing: Eco-friendly raw materials, technologies, and processing methods [M]. Springer, 2014.
4. BAAKA N, ADEEL S, ANJUM F, et al. Dyes and pigments from agricultural wastes in the coloration of textiles [M]. Natural dyes and sustainability. Springer. 2024: 45-61.
5. AGGARWAL S. Indian dye yielding plants: Efforts and opportunities; proceedings of the Natural Resources Forum, F, 2021 [C]. Wiley Online Library.
6. TAYYAB N, JAVEED A A, SAYED R Y, et al. Dyeing and colour fastness of natural dye from Citrus aurantium on Lyocell fabric [J]. Industria Textila, 2020, 71(4): 350-356.
7. ISLAM S, JALIL M A, BELOWAR S, et al. Role of mordants in natural fabric dyeing and their environmental impacts [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2025, 32(2): 452-468.
8. DEY P, DEY P, HOQUE M B, et al. Sustainable and eco-friendly natural dyes: a holistic review on sources, extraction, and application prospects [J]. Textile Research Journal, 2025, 95(19-20): 2472-2499.
9. GEELANI S M. Fabric dye yielding potential of selected herbaceous and arboreal plant species of the Kashmir valley [D]; Doctoral thesis, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences …, 2014.
10. ISLAM M R, MAHMUD R U, JALIL M A, et al. Captivating coloring and antimicrobial properties of tea leaf and eucalyptus bark on jute–cotton union fabric [J]. Pigment & Resin Technology, 2025, 54(5): 682-688.
11. KARABULUT K, ATAV R. Dyeing of cotton fabric with natural dyes without mordant usage part I: determining the most suitable dye plants for dyeing and UV protective functionalization [J]. Fibers and Polymers, 2020, 21(8): 1773-1782.
12. DUTTA P, MAHJEBIN S, SUFIAN M A, et al. Impacts of natural and synthetic mordants on cotton knit fabric dyed with natural dye from onion skin in perspective of eco-friendly textile process [J]. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, 47: 2633-2640.
13. CHOWDHURY T A, KHANDAKER J I, GAFUR M A, et al. Cotton Coloration Using Holy Basil Leaves Extracts [J]. ACS omega, 2025, 10(25): 27424-27434.