Authors : Sukhmandeep Singh Thind; Manu Vishist; Ravneet Kaur

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 9 - September

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/49t7c5h5

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26sep903

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Background: Smoking adversely affects pulmonary function and may contribute to respiratory impairment even among young individuals. Respiratory exercises may help improve pulmonary function; however, evidence regarding the effectiveness of TheraBand-resisted chest expansion exercises in young smokers is limited.  Objective: To determine the efficacy of TheraBand-resisted chest expansion exercises on pulmonary function in male collegiate smokers and to compare their effects with diaphragmatic breathing exercises.  Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 64 male collegiate smokers aged 20–25 years. Participants were randomly allocated into two groups of 32 each. Group A received TheraBand-resisted chest expansion exercises, while Group B received diaphragmatic breathing exercises. Both interventions were performed 4 days per week for 4 weeks. Pulmonary function was assessed using spirometry, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) and FEV₁/FVC ratio. Data were analysed using paired and unpaired t-tests.

Keywords : TheraBand; Chest Expansion Exercises; Pulmonary Function; Smoking; Collegiate Smokers; Diaphragmatic Breathing; Spirometry.

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