⚠ Official Notice: www.ijisrt.com is the official website of the International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) Journal for research paper submission and publication. Please beware of fake or duplicate websites using the IJISRT name.



Empowered or Restricted? Teachers’ Voices on Micromanagement in Schools


Authors : Shirelyn T. Galaroza; Dr. Remigilda D. Gallardo

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 4 - April


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/3zvb5f6p

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/2vjtceam

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26apr659

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : This study aimed to understand how micromanagement affects teachers’ professional autonomy, motivation, and creativity, while identifying the coping mechanisms they employ and the insights that can guide more empowering management practices. A qualitative phenomenological design was utilized to capture the real experiences of 10 elementary teachers in Magpet, North Cotabato. Using purposive sampling, ten teachers participated in in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) guided by semi-structured questions. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-step thematic analysis, ensuring trustworthiness through triangulation, member checking, and reflexivity. The study revealed four major challenges brought by micromanagement: loss of professional autonomy, increased work stress, feelings of being undervalued and distrusted, and limited opportunities for innovation. Teachers coped by seeking autonomy in classroom-level decisions, practicing self-care, building peer support networks, and integrating creativity within administrative boundaries. Insights showed that teachers regain confidence through small independent actions, manage pressure through self-care, find strength in peer relationships, and sustain creativity even within institutional rules. Findings highlight the importance of supportive leadership that balances accountability with trust and empowerment. School heads and policymakers should recognize that excessive control diminishes teacher motivation and innovation.

Keywords : Empowered, Restricted Teachers’ Voices, Micromanagement in Schools.

References :

  1. Aljabri, B. S., & Alharthy, A. H. (2025). Perceptions of Micromanagement: Insights from the Saudi Labor Market. Journal of Ecohumanism, 4(1), 1159–1179. Retrieved from https://ecohumanism.co.uk/joe/ecohumanism/article/download/5922/5965/14687Ecohumanism
  2. ATLAS.ti. (2023). Preparing a Research Interview | Step-by-step Guide. Retrieved fromhttps://atlasti.com/guides/interview-analysis-guide/preparing-aresearch-interview
  3. Baeder, J. (2021). Instructional Leadership Without Micromanaging. The Principal Center. Retrieved from https://www.principalcenter.com/instructional-leadership-without-micromanaging/
  4. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273-285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
  5. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806
  6. Bwalya, A. (2024). Micromanagement: A Comprehensive Analysis. Global Scientific Journal, 12(7). Retrieved from https://www.globalscientificjournal.com/researchpaper/MICROMANAGEMENT_A_COMPREHENSIVE_ANALYSIS.pdfGlobal Scientific Journal+1ResearchGate+1
  7. Caise, T. L., & Tucker, J. P. (2023). Exploring the Impact of Micromanagement Leadership in Remote Work Environments. Business Management Research and Applications: A Cross-Disciplinary Journal, 1(1). Retrieved from https://bmrajournal.columbiasouthern.edu/index.php/bmra/article/view/6703/5675https://bmrajournal.columbiasouthern.edu+1https://leadership.wei-sen.de+1
  8. Caruz, M. J. N. (2024). Innovative Work Behavior of Principals and Organizational Effectiveness of Public Schools in Davao City. Pedagogy Review: An International Journal of Educational Theories, Approaches and Strategies, 14-18.
  9. Connelly, L. M. (2016). Trustworthiness in qualitative research. MEDSURG Nursing, 25(6), 435-436.
  10. Creswell, J. W. (1998). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five traditions. Sage Publications.
  11. Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications. Retrieved from https://uk.sagepub.com/sites/default/files/upm-assets/130264_book_item_130264.pdf
  12. Delve. (n.d.). What is phenomenological research design?. Retrieved from https://delvetool.com/blog/phenomenology
  13. Deakin University. (2023). Phenomenology - qualitative study design. Retrieved from https://deakin.libguides.com/qualitative-study-designs/phenomenology
  14. Etikan, I., & Bala, K. (2019). Sampling and sampling methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 8(1), 1–3.
  15. Fisher, C. M., Amabile, T. M., & Pillemer, J. (2021). How to Help (Without Micromanaging). Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2021/01/how-to-help-without-micromanagingHarvard Business Review
  16. Fordham Institute. (2022). Policymakers must remember that micromanaging schools is typically a suboptimal strategy. Thomas B. Fordham Institute. Retrieved from https://fordhaminstitute.org/ohio/commentary/policymakers-must-remember-micromanaging-schools-typically-suboptimal-strategy
  17. Galindez, J. P., Arias, J. P., & Bragas, C. M. (2024). Micromanagement on Employee Performance: A Killer or Motivator. International Journal for Research Trends in Social Science & Humanities, 2(4), 312-339. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384443720_Micromanagement_on_Employee_Performance_A_Killer_or_MotivatorResearchGate
  18. Galindez, J. P., Arias, J. P., & Bragas, C. M. (2024). Micromanagement on Employee Performance: A Killer or Motivator. International Journal for Research Trends in Social Science & Humanities, 2(4), 312–339. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384443720_Micromanagement_on_Employee_Performance_A_Killer_or_ Motivator Research Gate
  19. Gawronski, O., Bajwa, N. M., & Tekian, A. (2023). Micromanagement in Clinical Supervision: A Scoping Review. BMC Medical Education, 23(1). Retrieved from https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-023-04543-3BioMed Central
  20. Giorgi, A. (2009). The Descriptive Phenomenological Method in Psychology. Duquesne University Press.
  21. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Publications. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvonna_Sessions_Lincoln
  22. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Publications.
  23. LoopPanel. (2023). Triangulation in Qualitative Research: A Comprehensive Guide. Retrieved from https://www.looppanel.com/blog/triangulation-in-qualitative-researchLooppanel+1Looppanel+1
  24. LoopPanel. (2023). Understanding In-Depth Interviews: A Comprehensive Guide To Qualitative Research. Retrieved from https://www.looppanel.com/blog/understanding-in-depth-interviews-a-comprehensive-guide-to-qualitative-researchVoxpopme+2Looppanel+2Looppanel+2
  25. Malangen, A. D. (2023). The Level of Effectivity of Micromanagement Among the Teachers and Middle Managers in the Basic Education. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 8, 648-658.
  26. McGregor, L., & Doshi, N. (2022). Micromanagement and Its Impact on Millennial Followership Styles. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 43(7), 1023-1038. Retrieved from https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/LODJ-07-2022-0329/full/htmlEmerald
  27. Morris, J. (2022). A Plea to End Teacher Micromanaging. Teacher Misery. Retrieved from https://teachermisery.com/teacher-micromanaging.
  28. Neubauer, B. E., Witkop, C. T., & Varpio, L. (2019). How phenomenology can help us learn from the experiences of others. Perspectives on Medical Education, 8(2), 90–97.
  29. Nyumba, T. O., Wilson, K., Derrick, C. J., & Mukherjee, N. (2018). The use of focus group discussion methodology: Insights from two decades of application in conservation. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9(1), 20-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/2041-210X.12860British Ecological Society Journals
  30. Okafor, C., & Osita, I. (2023). Understanding the Counterproductive Effects of Micromanagement in Leadership Using the Lenses of Subordinates/Employees. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 7(3), 123-130. Retrieved from https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/articles/under
  31. Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
  32. Phillips, D. C., & Burbules, N. C. (2000). Postpositivism and Educational Research. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpositivism
  33. Poepsel, M. A. (2024). 10 Simple Strategies to Mitigate Micromanagement and Become a Better Leader. LinkedIn. Retrieved from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/10-simple-strategies-mitigate-micromanagement-become-poepsel-phd-m0z2eLinkedIn
  34. Pretorius, L. (2021). Demystifying Research Paradigms. Retrieved from https://www.lynettepretorius.com/the_scholars_way_blog/demystifying-research-paradigms/
  35. Quibod, C.P., Bentayao, G.J & Cagape, W (2024). School head's management practices on policy changes in Davao City: MATATAG curriculum implementation in focus. (2024). EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 10(4), 1-7.
  36. Ramos, B. F., & Malangen, A. D. (2023). The Level of Effectivity of Micromanagement Among the Teachers and Middle Managers in the Basic Education. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 8, 648-658.
  37. Redline Group. (2023). The Damaging Impact of Micromanagement and How to End It. Retrieved from https://www.redlinegroup.com/insight-details/the-damaging-impact-of-micromanagement-and-how-to-end-itRedline Group
  38. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. Guilford Publications. https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
  39. Shenton, A. K. (2004). Strategies for ensuring trustworthiness in qualitative research projects. Education for Information, 22(2), 63-75. https://doi.org/10.3233/EFI-2004-22201
  40. Shuford, J. A. (2021). Micromanagement: The Enemy of Staff Morale. Corrections Today. Retrieved from https://www.aca.org/common/Uploaded%20files/Publications_Carla/Docs/Corrections%20Today/2019%20Articles/CT%20Sept-Oct%202019_Micromanagement-the%20enemy-of-staff-morale_John%20A%20Shuford.pdfACAAI
  41. Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis: Theory, Method and Research. SAGE Publications.
  42. Wendler, W. (2022). Micromanagement | Reflections On Higher Education. Walter Wendler. Retrieved from https://walterwendler.com/2022/06/micromanagement-2/

This study aimed to understand how micromanagement affects teachers’ professional autonomy, motivation, and creativity, while identifying the coping mechanisms they employ and the insights that can guide more empowering management practices. A qualitative phenomenological design was utilized to capture the real experiences of 10 elementary teachers in Magpet, North Cotabato. Using purposive sampling, ten teachers participated in in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) guided by semi-structured questions. Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-step thematic analysis, ensuring trustworthiness through triangulation, member checking, and reflexivity. The study revealed four major challenges brought by micromanagement: loss of professional autonomy, increased work stress, feelings of being undervalued and distrusted, and limited opportunities for innovation. Teachers coped by seeking autonomy in classroom-level decisions, practicing self-care, building peer support networks, and integrating creativity within administrative boundaries. Insights showed that teachers regain confidence through small independent actions, manage pressure through self-care, find strength in peer relationships, and sustain creativity even within institutional rules. Findings highlight the importance of supportive leadership that balances accountability with trust and empowerment. School heads and policymakers should recognize that excessive control diminishes teacher motivation and innovation.

Keywords : Empowered, Restricted Teachers’ Voices, Micromanagement in Schools.

Paper Submission Last Date
30 - April - 2026

SUBMIT YOUR PAPER CALL FOR PAPERS
Video Explanation for Published paper

Never miss an update from Papermashup

Get notified about the latest tutorials and downloads.

Subscribe by Email

Get alerts directly into your inbox after each post and stay updated.
Subscribe
OR

Subscribe by RSS

Add our RSS to your feedreader to get regular updates from us.
Subscribe