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Empowering Farmers for Resilient in Times of Calamity


Authors : Berting G. Aquino

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 6 - June


Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/3h75dy4n

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/43j8z232

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26jun1449

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.


Abstract : This review synthesizes existing literature on the relationship between technical certification and career mobility among vocational educators, with a focus on National Certificate II (NC II) credentials issued by TESDA and comparable international frameworks. The objective is to evaluate how certification influences employability, career progression, and institutional recognition. Literature was gathered from databases such as ERIC, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, covering studies published between 2015 and 2025. Findings reveal that certification enhances recruitment opportunities and teaching assignment alignment but does not consistently guarantee career advancement due to systemic undervaluation and weak policy integration. International comparisons highlight stronger recognition of vocational credentials in countries such as Singapore and Australia, underscoring gaps in Philippine practice. This synthesis contributes to understanding the disconnect between certification and career outcomes, offering insights for policy reforms and future research on aligning technical qualifications with teacher professional development.

References :

  1. Brown, J. (2019). Certification and employability: An international perspective on vocational education. Journal of Global Education Studies, 22(3), 88–102.
  2. Cruz, J. L. (2021). Policy implementation gaps in technical-vocational education. Philippine Journal of Educational Policy, 15(1), 33–47.
  3. Delos Reyes, A., & Cruz, M. (2021). Professional development pathways for NC II-certified teachers in the K–12 curriculum. Philippine Journal of Continuing Education, 8(2), 73–90.
  4. Escoba, D. C. (2025). Certification as a predictor of employability among TLE teachers. International Journal of Vocational Studies, 11(1), 22–38.
  5. Garcia, L. F. (2020). Certification and teaching assignment alignment: A study of NC II holders in technical-vocational tracks. Journal of Educational Policy and Practice, 9(4), 33–49.
  6. Lee, C. (2018). Continuous professional advancement of vocational educators in Southeast Asia. International Review of Education, 64(5), 611–628.
  7. Mendoza, K. L. (2022). Institutional recognition and compensation gaps among NC II-certified teachers. Philippine Journal of Educational Management, 10(1), 41–57.
  8. Ramos, J. P. (2021). Recruitment challenges in technical-vocational education: Perspectives from certified teachers. Philippine Journal of Human Resource Development, 7(2), 88–104.
  9. Santos, P. R. (2020). TESDA NC II credentials and employability of technical-vocational teachers. Philippine Journal of Technical Education, 10(1), 12–28.
  10. Smith, A. (2019). Hiring practices and vocational teacher employability: Lessons from Australia. Journal of Comparative Education, 15(3), 120–136.
  11. Tan, H. (2019). Valuing vocational expertise: Compensation frameworks in Singapore’s education system. Asian Journal of Teacher Development, 6(4), 65–82.
  12. TESDA. (2020). Teacher Upskilling Program: Policy guidelines and implementation framework. Technical Education and Skills Development Authority Reports.
  13. Villanueva, M. A. (2021). Employment patterns and promotion trajectories of certified vocational teachers in the Philippines. TESDA Research Digest, 5(3), 101–118*.

This review synthesizes existing literature on the relationship between technical certification and career mobility among vocational educators, with a focus on National Certificate II (NC II) credentials issued by TESDA and comparable international frameworks. The objective is to evaluate how certification influences employability, career progression, and institutional recognition. Literature was gathered from databases such as ERIC, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, covering studies published between 2015 and 2025. Findings reveal that certification enhances recruitment opportunities and teaching assignment alignment but does not consistently guarantee career advancement due to systemic undervaluation and weak policy integration. International comparisons highlight stronger recognition of vocational credentials in countries such as Singapore and Australia, underscoring gaps in Philippine practice. This synthesis contributes to understanding the disconnect between certification and career outcomes, offering insights for policy reforms and future research on aligning technical qualifications with teacher professional development.

Paper Submission Last Date
31 - July - 2026

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