Authors : Jeevan Prasad Gnanavelu; Durga Akhil Donka; Yamini Maddu; Abhinaya Kilaru

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 4 - April

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/mtbyh7e6

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/yv6ztvwy

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26apr419

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Abstract : The development of modern mass transit systems necessitates highly efficient energy management to address growing energy consumption and environmental concerns. Contemporary electric traction systems operate as large microgrid structures featuring distributed active loads, renewable sources, and energy storage devices. A critical limitation in electrified trains is the restricted capability for energy recovery during regenerative braking phases and extended charging durations from stationary stations. To overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a novel energy management and control system for electric traction microgrids that integrates photovoltaic (PV) and wind sources with aluminium-ion (Al-ion) batteries at stationary microgrid stations, and on-board aluminium-ion (Al-ion) cells as the energy storage system within the train. This architecture is specifically designed for short-duration, high-power applications such as airport transit and industrial community transport. While conventional research has utilized supercapacitors (SCs) for their high power density, this work proposes Al-ion cells due to their fast charging/discharging capabilities comparable to SCs, coupled with superior safety characteristics, reduced cost, and extended cycle life. The proposed system enables charging of the train’s on-board Al-ion cells from the stationary station’s batteries via a Direct Current (DC) fast charging CAT plug connection during station stops, while simultaneously capturing regenerative braking energy. An energy management system (EMS) with proportional-integral (PI) controllers is designed to stabilize the DC bus voltage for both stationary and mobile systems. Simulation results demonstrate stable DC bus regulation (747.6 V ±1.5% for station, 700 V ±2% for train), effective stateof-charge (SOC) management within 30–100% range, and regenerative energy recovery efficiency exceeding 85%. The techno-economic analysis validates the superiority of Al-ion cells over conventional supercapacitors, establishing a reliable solution for smart microgrid integration in localized, high-demand transit systems.

Keywords : Aluminium-Ion Batteries, Electric Traction, Energy Management System, Microgrid, Regenerative Braking, DC Bus Stabilization, PI Control.

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