Authors :
Fabrice Uwumuremyi; Evergiste Bisanukuri; Angelique Usengimana; Jean Berchmas Mutijima; Enias Hitimana; Patrick Nemeyimana; Jeanette Nyirakwezi; Aprinal Arinaitwe
Volume/Issue :
Volume 9 - 2024, Issue 6 - June
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/5n74ctks
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/ye6tym2t
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/IJISRT24JUN1668
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
Background:
STIs are infections that are passed from one person
to another through sexual contact. The causes of STIs
are bacteria, parasites, yeast, and viruses. There are
more than 20 types of STIs, including Chlamydia, genital
herpes, gonorrhea, HIV/AIDS, HPV, Syphilis and
Trichomonas1
. According to WHO (2013), Amin and
Garcia presented the evidence of the increased risk of
STIs and HIV associated with GBV; and looks at
potential pathways by which gender-based violence and
STI and HIV are linked2
. GBV is defined by the UN in
the CEDAW as any act that is likely to or results in
physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to
women including threats or acts of coercion, arbitrary
deprivation of liberty, private or public, in the family or
community2,15
. The aim of this study was to determine
the prevalence of STIs among GBV cases attending
Isange one stop center in Kibagabaga District Hospital.
Method:
This study was retrospective conducted from
January 2017 to September 2019 among GBV cases
attending Isange one stop center in Kibagabaga District
Hospital. Request forms describing the GBV case and
indicating the demographic parameters and laboratory
findings of the victim was evaluated. Data was analyzed
using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 16.0.
Result:
In total 320 cases for GBV cases was reported from
2017 up to November, 2019 at Isange One Stop Center in
Kibagabaga District Hospital. 100% of study population
was female, majority of them 96.25% (308) were young
female adolescent in the range of 10 to 19 years old.
Considering laboratory findings, this study showed that
Only 5% of all GBV cases within period of 3 years
reported STIs negative, Majority GBV cases reported
pregnancy at high level 72% and the overall Prevalence
of STIs was 23% all GBV cases. 7.2% of these had HIV
and 6.8% had Hepatitis B virus. The prevalence of
trichomonas and Syphilis was 4% and 5% of all GBV
cases respectively and this study showed no HPV and
Gonorrhea cases has been reported.
Conclusion:
Although the proven steps that have been taken by
government of Rwanda to against GBV, but not
understood as desired because GBV cases continue to
increase periodical, so more Strength and focus are
needed to reduce this rate GBV among young female
adolescents. According to this study finding which
suggested that GBV cases promote STIs
and unwanted pregnancy.
Keywords :
Sexual Violence, Intimate Partner Violence, Sexual Transmitted Infections, Pregnancy.
References :
- NIAD, N. I. (2015). sexual transmitted diseases. [pdf] Retrieved august 10, 2019, from NIAID: https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/sexually-transmitted-diseases? researchers=true.
- WHO. (2013). Lab diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus. Retrieved from World Health Organisation: http://who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/rtis/9789241505840/en/.
- Bidhubhusan, M.; Niranjan, S. Exposure to Pornographic Videos and Its Effect on HIV-Related Sexual Risk Behaviours among Male Migrant Workers in Southern India. PLOS ONE, 2014; 9(1), 11.
- Hong, Y.; Zhang, C.; Li X et al., Partner violence and psychosocial distress among female sex workers in China. plos one, 2013; 8.
- Garcia-Moreno, C.; Jansen, H.A.F.M.; Ellsberg, M. Prevalence of intimate partner violence:findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. Lancet , 2006; 368(1), 1260-1269.
- Therese, M. R. (2018). Gender-based violence in Rwanda: getting everyone on board. World Bank Blog.
- Rwanda Medical Research Center (RMRC). (2010). Masculinity and gender based violence in Rwanda: Experiences and perceptions of men and women. http://menengage.org/wpcontent/uploads/2014/06/Masculinity-GBV-Rwanda.
- Badaru, A., & ObiniMokaya, S. Factors influencing level of sexual gender-based violence on women in border towns in Uganda. A case study of Arua Municipality. International Journal of Scientific and Research, 2018; 8(4), 339-344.
- Campbell, J. C. Health consequences of intimate partner violence. The lancet, 2022; 359(9314), 1331-1336.
- Watts, C., & Zimmerman, C. (2002). Violence against women: global scope and magnitude. Lancet 2002; 359(1), 1232–7.
- Simone,D.; McCourtie. (2019). Gender based violance:violence against women and girls. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/socialdevelopment/brief/violence-against-women-and-girls.
- Rwanda National Police (RNP), (2015). winning the war against gender based violence. http://www.police.gov.rw/newsdetail/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=5678&cHash=5c2c440f6fe99a6dce0d8763a4a6b2a2.
- Abraham, N., Devries, K.,Watts, C et al., worldwide prevalence of non partner sexual violance:a systemic review. lancet , 2014; 383 (1), 1648-1654.
- Dr. Surabhi, D.,Dr. Kirti, D., Dr. Priyadarshini, S. Clinical Manifestations of Sexually Transmitted Diseases : An Overview. Indian Institute of Sexology Bhubaneswar, 2017; 6-39.
- Amin, A. C.; Garcia, M. (WHO). Addressing gender-based violence to reduce risk of STI and HIV. Sexual transmitted infection, 2013; 89 (1), A8.
- Chacham, A. S., Simão, A. B., & Caetano, A. J. Gender-based violence and sexual and reproductive health among low-income youth in three Brazilian cities. Reproductive health matters, 2016; 24(47), 141-152.
Background:
STIs are infections that are passed from one person
to another through sexual contact. The causes of STIs
are bacteria, parasites, yeast, and viruses. There are
more than 20 types of STIs, including Chlamydia, genital
herpes, gonorrhea, HIV/AIDS, HPV, Syphilis and
Trichomonas1
. According to WHO (2013), Amin and
Garcia presented the evidence of the increased risk of
STIs and HIV associated with GBV; and looks at
potential pathways by which gender-based violence and
STI and HIV are linked2
. GBV is defined by the UN in
the CEDAW as any act that is likely to or results in
physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to
women including threats or acts of coercion, arbitrary
deprivation of liberty, private or public, in the family or
community2,15
. The aim of this study was to determine
the prevalence of STIs among GBV cases attending
Isange one stop center in Kibagabaga District Hospital.
Method:
This study was retrospective conducted from
January 2017 to September 2019 among GBV cases
attending Isange one stop center in Kibagabaga District
Hospital. Request forms describing the GBV case and
indicating the demographic parameters and laboratory
findings of the victim was evaluated. Data was analyzed
using Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 16.0.
Result:
In total 320 cases for GBV cases was reported from
2017 up to November, 2019 at Isange One Stop Center in
Kibagabaga District Hospital. 100% of study population
was female, majority of them 96.25% (308) were young
female adolescent in the range of 10 to 19 years old.
Considering laboratory findings, this study showed that
Only 5% of all GBV cases within period of 3 years
reported STIs negative, Majority GBV cases reported
pregnancy at high level 72% and the overall Prevalence
of STIs was 23% all GBV cases. 7.2% of these had HIV
and 6.8% had Hepatitis B virus. The prevalence of
trichomonas and Syphilis was 4% and 5% of all GBV
cases respectively and this study showed no HPV and
Gonorrhea cases has been reported.
Conclusion:
Although the proven steps that have been taken by
government of Rwanda to against GBV, but not
understood as desired because GBV cases continue to
increase periodical, so more Strength and focus are
needed to reduce this rate GBV among young female
adolescents. According to this study finding which
suggested that GBV cases promote STIs
and unwanted pregnancy.
Keywords :
Sexual Violence, Intimate Partner Violence, Sexual Transmitted Infections, Pregnancy.