Evaluation of the Impact of Repurposed Covid-19 Medications on some Biochemical Markers in Albino Wistar Rats


Authors : Obasuyi Grace Eleojo

Volume/Issue : Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 1 - January

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/4hw3ueth

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/33ez6ewn

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14716990

Abstract : The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the rapid development and use of therapeutic drugs to combat the disease. However, concerns exist regarding the potential adverse effects of these drugs on metabolic processes like glucose homeostasis, renal function and bilirubin levels. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, azith romycin, lopinavir & ritonavir, zinc & selenium, which are recommended COVID- 19 drugs, on glucose metabolism, renal function (urea and creatinine levels) and bilirubin levels in Wistar rat model. About sixty (60) Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 9 treatment test groups and a control group (a total of 10 groups). The drugs were administered orally at clinically relevant doses for one month. Blood glucose, urea, creatinine and bilirubin assay was performed to assess glucose metabolism using the oxidase-peroxidase method, bilirubin by Evelyn and Malloy's method, urea and creatinine levels using urease berthe lot's and alkaline picrate method respectively. Data obtained was analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results showed that the group treated with hydroxychloroquine + azith romycin + lopinavir/ritonavir + ivermectin + zinc + selenium demonstrated a markedly elevated mean glucose level of 103.80 mg/dL (P = 0.001) compared to the control (83.83mg/dL), indicating a statistically significant impact on glucose metabolism. Analysis revealed no significant difference in urea and creatinine levels (p>0.05) among the different groups as p values were = 0.109 and 0.848 respectively. The hydroxychloroquine + azith romycin + lopinavir/ritonavir + ivermectin + zinc + selenium group showed markedly elevated glucose levels. The direct bilirubin of experimental animals across most treated groups was significantly elevated (p<0.05). Results also showed that total bilirubin was significantly higher (p<0.05) in animals treated with ivermectin (0.93±0.10) and Lopinavir-ritonavir (0.92±0.06) when compared to control (0.47±0.07) . In conclusion, patients who are being administered this drug combination (hydroxychloroquine + azith romycin + lopinavir/ritonavir + ivermectin + zinc + selenium) are at risk of developing diabetes mellitus and also further worsening the condition of diabetic patients. Also administration of these drugs may induce liver dysfunction, hyperbilirubinemia, drug-induced liver injury, drug-induced hepatitis and consequently jaundice. It is recommended to avoid the concurrent use of this specific drug combination unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks of hyperglycemia, the administration of these drugs adversely affected the synthetic and excretory functions of the liver and regular assessment of liver function parameters necessary.

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The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated the rapid development and use of therapeutic drugs to combat the disease. However, concerns exist regarding the potential adverse effects of these drugs on metabolic processes like glucose homeostasis, renal function and bilirubin levels. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, azith romycin, lopinavir & ritonavir, zinc & selenium, which are recommended COVID- 19 drugs, on glucose metabolism, renal function (urea and creatinine levels) and bilirubin levels in Wistar rat model. About sixty (60) Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 9 treatment test groups and a control group (a total of 10 groups). The drugs were administered orally at clinically relevant doses for one month. Blood glucose, urea, creatinine and bilirubin assay was performed to assess glucose metabolism using the oxidase-peroxidase method, bilirubin by Evelyn and Malloy's method, urea and creatinine levels using urease berthe lot's and alkaline picrate method respectively. Data obtained was analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results showed that the group treated with hydroxychloroquine + azith romycin + lopinavir/ritonavir + ivermectin + zinc + selenium demonstrated a markedly elevated mean glucose level of 103.80 mg/dL (P = 0.001) compared to the control (83.83mg/dL), indicating a statistically significant impact on glucose metabolism. Analysis revealed no significant difference in urea and creatinine levels (p>0.05) among the different groups as p values were = 0.109 and 0.848 respectively. The hydroxychloroquine + azith romycin + lopinavir/ritonavir + ivermectin + zinc + selenium group showed markedly elevated glucose levels. The direct bilirubin of experimental animals across most treated groups was significantly elevated (p<0.05). Results also showed that total bilirubin was significantly higher (p<0.05) in animals treated with ivermectin (0.93±0.10) and Lopinavir-ritonavir (0.92±0.06) when compared to control (0.47±0.07) . In conclusion, patients who are being administered this drug combination (hydroxychloroquine + azith romycin + lopinavir/ritonavir + ivermectin + zinc + selenium) are at risk of developing diabetes mellitus and also further worsening the condition of diabetic patients. Also administration of these drugs may induce liver dysfunction, hyperbilirubinemia, drug-induced liver injury, drug-induced hepatitis and consequently jaundice. It is recommended to avoid the concurrent use of this specific drug combination unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks of hyperglycemia, the administration of these drugs adversely affected the synthetic and excretory functions of the liver and regular assessment of liver function parameters necessary.

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