Authors :
Jahnavi Luhar; Dr. Neha Rathore
Volume/Issue :
Volume 10 - 2025, Issue 3 - March
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/yu88mnxv
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/mrvytctu
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/25mar1531
Google Scholar
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Note : Google Scholar may take 15 to 20 days to display the article.
Abstract :
This study examines the emotional impact of lighting on reading among 60 respondents aged 18 to 28. Using an
Experimental Research Design, participants’ perceptions were gathered through an interview schedule, focusing on their
experiences under Warm White Light (3000K), Natural White Light (4000K), and Cool White Light (6500K). The
Pleasure and Arousal Emotional Scale was utilized as the measurement tool. The results show distinct emotional
responses: warm lighting creates a cozy atmosphere, natural lighting boosts alertness, and cool white lighting enhances
productivity. While dim lighting is suited for leisure reading, it may cause eye strain over extended periods. Colorful
lighting adds emotional depth, and task lighting improves visibility. Dynamic lighting allows for customization, though
individual preferences, reading material, and context influence its overall effects. This study highlights the complex
relationship between lighting ambiance and emotional states during reading, offering insights for optimizing reading
environments to improve emotional engagement and well-being.
Keywords :
Emotional Impact, Lighting, Reading, Correlated Color Temperature (CCT).
References :
- Amin, R. (2015). LEDs in Residential and commercial establishments, knowledge, usage and satisfaction of the consumers [Doctoral dissertation, Maharaja Sayajirao University].
- Aarts, M., Craenmehr, G., Rosemann, A., Loenen, E., Kort, H., (2019) Light for patient safety: Impact of light on reading errors of medication labels https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/international-journal-of-industrial-ergonomics https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2019.03.004
- Anshel, J. (2019) Visual ergonomics handbook. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
- Adrie, V., Ingrid, H., Souman, J., Yvonne, K. (2021) Putting the ceiling centre stage – The impact of direct/indirect lighting on room appraisal, Building and Environment 201 (2021) 107989 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107989
- Abe, C., & Alfred, O. (2020) Readability level of secondary school students in selected secondary schools in obio-akpor local government area, rivers state, Nigeria, European Journal of Language Studies Vol. 7 No. 1, 2020 ISSN 2057-4797
- Banu, M. (2005) An experimental study on the appraisal of the visual environment at offices in relation to colour temperature and illuminance, Building and Environment 42 (2007) 979–983 doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.10.022
- Boyce, P.R. and Wilkins, A. (2018). Visual discomfort indoors. Lighting Research & Technology, 50(1), pp. 98–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477153517736467.
- Chokshi, N. (2010). Comparison Between Psycho-physiological effects of light emitting diode lamp (LED) and other light fixtures used by selected students of Architecture [Doctoral dissertation, Maharaja Sayajirao University].
- Chatipath, N., & Nuanwan, T. (2019) Task lighting for Thai older adults: Study of the visual performance of lighting effect characteristics, Vol. 18, No 4 https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014525423
- Cuttle, C. (2017). A fresh approach to interior lighting design: The design objective – direct flux procedure Lighting Res. Technol. 2017; 0: 1–22 https://doi.org/10.1177/1477153517734401
- Conlon, G. E., Lovegrove, J. W., Chekaluk, E., Pattison, E. P. (1999) Measuring Visual Discomfort, VISUAL COGNITION, 1999, 6 (6), 637– 663 DOI: 10.1080/135062899394885
- Durmus, A. (2021) Correlated Colour Temperature: use and limitations, Lighting Research and Technology DOI: 10.1177/14771535211034330
- Elsbeth, K., Marleen, M., Linda, O., Bianca, Z., Gilles, V., Gerard, H., & Lottie, E. (2015) Personal environmental control: Effects of pre-set conditions for heating and lighting on personal settings, task performance and comfort experience, Building and Environment 86 (2015) 166e176 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.01.002
- Espada, S., Teixeira, A., Antunes, M., Brito-Costa, S., (2023) Natural and Artificial Lighting: Influence on Readability Human Dynamics and Design for the Development of Contemporary Societies, Vol. 81, 2023, 102–111 https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003538
- Galave, S., Dadas, S., Bandgar, S., Mangate, S. (2018) Power Quality Analysis & Characterization of Different Types of Lamp Used for Domestic and Industrial Purpose IEEE Conference Record: # 42666; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-3570-4
- Hanui, Y., Takeshi, A., Takaaki, K., & Naoko, S. (2018) Effect of character contrast ratio of tablet PC and ambient device luminance ratio on readability in low ambient illuminance, 0141-9382/ © 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2018.03.002
- Han Suk, S., & Jeong Tai, K. (2015) The Effect of Illuminance and Color Temperature of LED Lighting on Occupants’ Perception and HRV, KIEAE Journal, Vol. 15, No. 2 http://dx.doi.org/10.12813/kieae.2015.15.2.037
- Hall, R., & Hanna, P., (2004) The impact of web page text-background colour combinations on readability, retention, aesthetics and behavioural intention Behaviour & information technology, may–june 2004, VOL. 23, NO. 3, 183–195 DOI: 10.1080/01449290410001669932
- Jaju, N. (1999). An Exploratory study of Artificial Lighting in Kitchen [Doctoral dissertation, Maharaja Sayajirao University].
- Joanna, R., & Adrian, T. (2020) Measurements and Simulation Study of Daylight Availability and Its Impact on the Heating, Cooling and Lighting Energy Demand in an Educational Building Energies 2020, 13, 2555 doi:10.3390/en13102555
- Kiseong, K., Hyesun, J., Sangjeong, M., Yejin, H., Young Jun, C. (2020) Analysis of Difference in Brain Activity Depending on Video Type and Illuminance Level International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) http://www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 IJERTV9IS100098
- Langeborg, L. (2010) Readability - an Analysis of English Textbooks for Swedish School Years 7-9, C-Essay, 15 credits English Linguistics.
- Lewis, A., & Torrington, J. (2012) Extra-care housing for people with sight loss: Lighting and Design, Lighting Res. Technol. 2013; 45: 345– 361 10.1177/1477153512450451
- Ledan, H. (2015) Computer-aided Personalized Lamp Design, the authors - Published by Atlantis Press
- Lin, C., & Huang, K., (2014) Effects of Lighting Color, Illumination Intensity, and Text Color on Visual Performance International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 2014. 12, 3: 193-202
- Lee, D., Shieh, K., Jeng, S., Shen, I., (2008) Effect of character size and lighting on legibility of electronic papers D.-S. Lee et al. / Displays 29 (2008) 10–17
- Mukherjee, P. (2016) An Overview of Energy Efficient Lighting System Design for Indoor Applications of an Office Building Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland 1662-9795, Vol. 692, pp 45-53 https://doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.692.45
- Marey, H. M., Semary, N. A., Mandour, S. S. (2015) Ishihara Electronic Color Blindness Test: An Evaluation Study, Ophthalmology Research: An International Journal 3(3): 67-75, 2015, Article no.OR.2015.012 ISSN: 2321-7227 DOI: 10.9734/OR/2015/13618
- Mandala, A. (2019) Lighting Quality in the Architectural Design Studio (Case Study: Architecture Design Studio at Universitas Katolik Parahyangan, Bandung, Indonesia), IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 238 (2019) 012032 doi:10.1088/1755- 1315/238/1/012032
- Minyeop, R., Ji-Hyun, L., Sooyoung, K. (2012) Cognitive Effects on Lighting Environment for Improvement of Spatial Satisfaction and Psychological Comfort http://dx.doi.org/10.6110/KJACR.2012.24.6.497
- Moses, K., Jae-Hyung, K., Tae-Hyung, L., Beom Jin, C. (2018) Comparison of Reading Speed after Bilateral Bifocal and Trifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation, Korean J Ophthalmol 2018;32(2):77-82 https://doi.org/10.33 41/k jo.2017.0057
- Murakami, N., Iwata, T., Sakuma, R., Nishihara, K. (2020) Effect of lighting on the readability of colour printing for various ages, Journal of the Imaging Society of Japan., 53(2), 112-11 https://doi 10.25039/x47. 2020.PO40
- Michele, G., Antonio, U., Michele, F., & Giuseppe, M. (2015) Effect of Text Outline and Contrast Polarity on AR Text Readability in Industrial Lighting IEEE Transactions on visualization and computer graphics, vol. 21, no. 5 doi10.1109/TVCG.2014.2385056
- Muraoka, T., & Ikeda, H., (2013) Selection of Displays Operated Harmlessly to Human Eyes Based on Their Readability IEEE R10-HTC2013 Sendai, Japan, August 26-29, 2013
- Nastaran, M., Samuele, S., Anna, P., Franco, C. (2018) Effects of surface reflectance and lighting design strategies on energy consumption and visual comfort, Indoor and Built Environment 0(0) 1– 12 DOI: 10.1177/1420326X18793170
- Nuria, C., Carmen, L., Fabio, B., & Vicente, B. (2018) Emotional evaluation of lighting in university classrooms: A preliminary study, Frontiers of Architectural Research Volume 7, Issue 4, December 2018, Pages 600-609 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2018.07.002
- Perera, N., Swaris, N. (2017) Good Reading Light: visual comfort perception and daylight integration in library spaces https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321719388
- Piotr, P. (2018) Impact of Direct Lighting Luminaires’ Luminous Intensity Distribution on Lighting Quality in Interiors, 978-1-5386-7924- 1/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
- Ranson, L., Satoshi, H., Hiromu, I., Tatsumi, T., Kei, H., Shigusa, M., Yuki, I., Kohei, I., Takehito, K., Masaru, M. (2017) Measuring the effects of lighting on the readability of electronic devices, Journal of the SID 25/1, 2017 DOI # 10.1002/jsid.523
- Singh, P., Arora, R. (2014) Classroom Illuminance: Its impact on Students’ Health Exposure & Concentration Performance International Ergonomics Conference HWWE https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311301869
- Sathya, P., Nataranjan, R. (2013) Design energy efficient lighting system for educational laboratory International Conference on Green Computing, Communication and Conservation of Energy
- Sathya, P., Nataranjan, R. (2016) Effect of Energy efficient light sources on Readability of students – An Experimental Approach Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 11, No. 1 (2016) 029 – 045
- Singh, p., Arora, R. Goyal, R. (2020) Impact of Lighting on Performance of Students in Delhi, Schools Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1334-3_11
- Soleimani, K., Abdollahzadeh, N., Zomorodian, Z. S. (2021) Improving Daylight Availability in Heritage Buildings: A Case Study of Below-grade Classrooms in Tehran. Journal of Daylighting 8 (2021) 120-133 doi:10.15627/jd.2021.9
- Seden, O., & Nilgun, O., (2015) Effects of coloured lighting on the perception of interior spaces, Perceptual & Motor Skills: Perception 2015, 120, 1, 183-201. DOI: 10.2466/24.PMS.120v10x4
- Subiask, G., & Bernecker, C., (1993) Psychological preferences for industrial lighting Lighting Res. Technol. 25(4) 171-177 (1993)
- Umrajkar, C. (2010). Effects of selected general lighting fixtures on visual acuity of elementary school children [Doctoral dissertation, Maharaja Sayajirao University].
- Wells, E., (1994) The effects of luminance contrast, raster modulation, and ambient illumination on text readability and subjective image quality [Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University].
- William, B., & Peter, E. (2019) Readability: discovery and disputation, Typography papers 9 / 117–151 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335148881
- Wickens, C.D. et al. (2015) An introduction to human factors engineering. Brantford, Ontario: W. Ross MacDonald School Resource Services Library.
- Yarramsetty, S., Deka, S.N., Kumar, S. (2020) Adaptive lighting comfort in the classroom of education buildings and student hostel rooms E3S Web of Conferences 170, 010 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017001012
- Yang, J., Kim, J. (2013) A Study on White LED Lighting of Interior Space for the Readability by Age, Journal of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers (2013) 27(1):1~9 doi.org/10.5207/JIEIE.2013.27.1.001
- Yi, W., Park, E., Cho, K. (2011) E-Book Readability, Comprehensibility and Satisfaction, ICUIMC’11, February 21–23, 2011, Seoul, Korea.
- Zubairy, S.M. (2016). A Very Brief History of Light M.D. Al-Amri et al. (eds.), Optics in Our Time, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-31903-2_1
This study examines the emotional impact of lighting on reading among 60 respondents aged 18 to 28. Using an
Experimental Research Design, participants’ perceptions were gathered through an interview schedule, focusing on their
experiences under Warm White Light (3000K), Natural White Light (4000K), and Cool White Light (6500K). The
Pleasure and Arousal Emotional Scale was utilized as the measurement tool. The results show distinct emotional
responses: warm lighting creates a cozy atmosphere, natural lighting boosts alertness, and cool white lighting enhances
productivity. While dim lighting is suited for leisure reading, it may cause eye strain over extended periods. Colorful
lighting adds emotional depth, and task lighting improves visibility. Dynamic lighting allows for customization, though
individual preferences, reading material, and context influence its overall effects. This study highlights the complex
relationship between lighting ambiance and emotional states during reading, offering insights for optimizing reading
environments to improve emotional engagement and well-being.
Keywords :
Emotional Impact, Lighting, Reading, Correlated Color Temperature (CCT).