Authors : Atufa Fatima; Ankita Tiwari

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 4 - April

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/52z73hpx

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3reymspc

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26apr1959

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : Transdermal delivery of drugs has become another useful alternative to the traditional dosage modes of oral and injectable doses. Most orally administered drugs are degraded in the gastrointestinal tract or subjected in large amounts to first-pass liver metabolism leading to poor efficacy. Drug delivery through the skin to the patient can be used to avoid these restrictions and enhance patient compliance and adherence to treatment. Nevertheless, good delivery of drugs through the skin is still difficult because of stratum corneum that is a potent barrier against external substances. The review addresses the basic gist of transdermal drug delivery such as the structural arrangement of the skin and the various routes that the drug can permeate. Traditional dosage formulations of patches, creams, gels, and sprays are also discussed and their benefits on practice and restrictions to formulation. The recent developments that include nanocarriers, vesicular systems, nanoemulsions, nanogels, and microneedle technology are also reported as an encouraging strategy to increase permeation and obtain controlled drug release. Taken together, all these advances indicate that transdermal systems have a potential to enhance therapeutic effects and to increase the number of drugs that can be administered through non-invasive methods.

Keywords : Trandermal, Drug Delivery, Patches, Stratum Corneum, Nanoemulsions.

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