This study uses the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from 1992 to 2019 to examine the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation dynamics in Varanasi, India. A popular remote sensing index for observing vegetation dynamics is NDVI. Landsat photos and Geographic Information System (GIS) software are used to conduct the analysis. The findings show that there are considerable differences in NDVI values between various land cover types and seasons. According to the study, Varanasi's vegetation cover has fluctuated over the last three decades, with an overall trend in recent years towards lower NDVI values. In particular, the minimum NDVI ranged from -0.0858 (1992) to - 0.0518 (2019) while the maximum NDVI ranged from 0.5799 (1992) to 0.4862 (2019) throughout the premonsoon season. The results of this study offer relevant information about the spatiotemporal patterns of vegetation dynamics in Varanasi and can guide policy choices for urban planning and sustainable land use.

Keywords : Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Vegetation Dynamics, Varanasi, Remote Sensing, GIS, Time Series Analysis