Authors :
Satadip Banerjee; Sayantan Chakraborty
Volume/Issue :
Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 4 - April
Google Scholar :
https://tinyurl.com/4m37nmas
Scribd :
https://tinyurl.com/492ybbwz
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26apr1557
Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.
Abstract :
The natural ability of humans to maintain postural stability becomes restricted when they reach their maximum
physical capabilities and attempt to maintain balance during extreme forward slopes that push their center of mass
beyond their base of support. Michael Jackson's 45° forward lean in his Smooth Criminal dance performance
demonstrates an outstanding case study, which researchers can use to investigate how external factors help dancers exceed
their physical performance limits. This study examines how human balance systems interact with torque production and
mechanical support to enable individuals to attain extreme leaning positions. The research establishes a theoretical
framework that combines physics and biomechanics to examine stability loss conditions and the effects of artificial systems
on those conditions. It also investigates how dedicated support systems function to distribute forces while they improve
stability in a more effective manner. Results of this study shows that human beings can only lean forward to a limited
angle but when they use mechanical enhancements this limit increases because their center of mass now behaves
differently in relation to their base of support. This paper demonstrates how these mechanisms affect technology for
assisting people with disabilities and systems for rehabilitating patients and the interaction between humans and machines.
Keywords :
Anti-Gravity Lean, Biomechanics, Center of Mass, Forward Lean Dynamics, Human Balance, Torque and Stability.
References :
- Bergmark, A. (1989). Stability of the lumbar spine: A study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 60(Sup230), 1–54.
- Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H., Jessell, T. M., Siegelbaum, S. A., & Hudspeth, A. J. (2013). Principles of neural science (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
- Lee, H. J., & Chou, L. S. (2006). Detection of gait instability using the center of mass and center of pressure inclination angles. Journal of Biomechanics, 39(3), 517–524.
- McGinnis, P. M. (2013). Biomechanics of sport and exercise (3rd ed.). Human Kinetics.
- Neumann, D. A. (2017). Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system: Foundations for rehabilitation (3rd ed.). Elsevier.
- Perry, J., & Burnfield, J. M. (2010). Gait analysis: Normal and pathological function. SLACK Incorporated.
- Shah, A., et al. (2018). How did Michael Jackson perform his 45-degree anti-gravity lean? Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 29(2), 123–129.
- Winter, D. A. (1995). Human balance and posture control during standing and walking. Gait & Posture, 3(4), 193–214.
- Winter, D. A. (2009). Biomechanics and motor control of human movement (4th ed.). Wiley.
- Zatsiorsky, V. M. (2002). Kinetics of human motion. Human Kinetics.
The natural ability of humans to maintain postural stability becomes restricted when they reach their maximum
physical capabilities and attempt to maintain balance during extreme forward slopes that push their center of mass
beyond their base of support. Michael Jackson's 45° forward lean in his Smooth Criminal dance performance
demonstrates an outstanding case study, which researchers can use to investigate how external factors help dancers exceed
their physical performance limits. This study examines how human balance systems interact with torque production and
mechanical support to enable individuals to attain extreme leaning positions. The research establishes a theoretical
framework that combines physics and biomechanics to examine stability loss conditions and the effects of artificial systems
on those conditions. It also investigates how dedicated support systems function to distribute forces while they improve
stability in a more effective manner. Results of this study shows that human beings can only lean forward to a limited
angle but when they use mechanical enhancements this limit increases because their center of mass now behaves
differently in relation to their base of support. This paper demonstrates how these mechanisms affect technology for
assisting people with disabilities and systems for rehabilitating patients and the interaction between humans and machines.
Keywords :
Anti-Gravity Lean, Biomechanics, Center of Mass, Forward Lean Dynamics, Human Balance, Torque and Stability.