Authors : Pradeep S.; Dr. Hanumantharaju H. G.; Sandeep P. R.; Dr. Aravind J.; Dr. Venkatesh N.

Volume/Issue : Volume 11 - 2026, Issue 2 - February

Google Scholar : https://tinyurl.com/2m2uvapz

Scribd : https://tinyurl.com/3nd8t8k5

DOI : https://doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt/26feb939

Note : A published paper may take 4-5 working days from the publication date to appear in PlumX Metrics, Semantic Scholar, and ResearchGate.

Abstract : The Jaipur Foot is a widely adopted low-cost prosthetic device; however, its conventional material composition results in limited durability and reduced fatigue performance under repetitive physiological loading. To address these limitations, the present study proposes an improved prosthetic foot design consisting of a polycarbonate (PC) structural core combined with a micro-cellular rubber (MCR) surface coating. A three-dimensional model of the prosthetic foot was developed using Autodesk Fusion 360 and analyzed through finite element analysis (FEA) in ANSYS. Static structural and fatigue analyses were carried out under vertical loads ranging from 600 N to 900 N, representing different gait conditions experienced during daily walking. The results indicate that the polycarbonate core effectively withstands applied structural loads, while the micro-cellular rubber layer significantly reduces stress concentration and enhances shock absorption. Furthermore, topology optimization was employed to reduce material usage without adversely affecting overall structural behavior. When compared with the conventional Jaipur Foot, the proposed PC+MCR prosthetic foot exhibits lower deformation, reduced equivalent stress, and improved fatigue life. These findings demonstrate that the PC+MCR configuration offers a durable, lightweight, and cost-effective alternative for prosthetic foot applications.

Keywords : Prosthetic Foot, Jaipur Foot, Polycarbonate, Micro-Cellular Rubber, Finite Element Analysis, Fatigue Analysis, Topology Optimization, Structural Performance.

References :

1. “Finite Element Analysis of the Jaipur foot; Implication for Design Improvement”, Jakob G. Wolynski et.al, Volume 31. Number 3.2019.
2. “Assessment of the compressive and tensile mechanical properties of materials used in the Jaipur Foot prosthesis”, Rachel H Teater, Kristine M. Fischenich et.al, Prosthetics and Orthotics international 2018, VOL. 42(5) 511-517.
3. “Improved design and development of a functional moulded prosthetic foot”, ‘Govindarajan Narayanan, saraswathy gnanasundaram et.al, 2016, 11(5); 407-412.
4. “Epidemiological study of failures of the Jaipur Foot”, ‘Lan Huber, Kristine M. Fischenich et.al, Disability and rehabilitation: Assistive technology 2018, VOL 13, no 8,740-744.
5. The Jaipur Foot and the “Jaipur Prosthesis”, Indian journal of Orthopaedics, volume 53, issue 1 January - February 2019.
6. “CAD/CAE of Jaipur foot for standardized and contemporary manufacturing”, Harial singh mali, Anil Jain et.al, Disability and rehabilitation: Assistive technology 2020, VOL 15, No 2, 219-224.
7. “Comparison on Jaipur, SACH and Madras Foot”, A Psychophysiological Study, Prof. k. adalarasu. Mohan Jagananth, Dr. MK Mathur, International journal advanced engineering science and technology, vol no 4, issue no 1, 187 – 192.
8. “Design and Evaluation of a High-Performance, Low-Cost Prosthetic Foot for Developing Countries”, Johnson, W Brett, Prost, Victor et.al, 2023, Journal of Medical Devices. 17(1).
9. “Experimental investigation of gait parameters and stability analysis for unilateral transtibial amputee”, Preethi Chauhan, Amit Kumar Singh et.al ‘, By Indian Academy of Sciences, Sadhana 2023, 48:271
10. “Material characteristics and biocompatibility of polycarbonate-based polyurethane for biomedical implant applications”, Publish by the Royal society of chemistry, RSC Adv, January 2025, 15, 8839-8850.
11. Design and Analysis of Dynamic Energy Return Prosthesis Foot using Finite Element Method, By Aamir Naveed, M. Hannan Ahmed, Urooj Fatima, Mohsin I. Tiwana, 2016 8th International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics.
12. Comparative Finite Element Analysis of Jaipur Foot and Polyurethane Foot, By Priya Sharma, Shubhda Sharma, S. Vidhya, M. K. Mathur, Published Online October 2013, Engineering, 2013, 5, 518-521.
13. Static Analysis of an Energy Storage and Return (ESAR) Prosthetic Foot, By Arif Sugiharto, F Ferryanto, Harridhi Dzar Tazakka et.al, Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 2193, 050007 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5139380 Published Online: 10 December 2019
14. Use of Dynamic FEA for Design Modification and Energy Analysis of a Variable Stiffness Prosthetic Foot, By Heimir Tryggvason, Felix Starker, Christophe Lecomte and Fjola Jonsdottir, Applied. Science. 2020, 10, 650, Published: 16 January 2020
15. The Effects of Prosthesis Inertial Properties on Prosthetic Knee Moment and Hip Energetics Required to Achieve Able-bodied Kinematics, By Yashraj S. Narang, V. N. Murthy Arelekatti, and Amos G. Winter, V, Member, IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering.
16. "Jaipur Foot: Stepping into the Future with Quality, Sustainability, and Adaptability", By Akash Kumar, Research Gate, June 2024.