Genomics Approaches for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Groundnut: A Pathway to Crop Improvement


Authors : ASHISH G. VALA; RUKAMSINGH TOMAR; PANKAJ J. RATHOD; RAJIVKUMAR

Volume/Issue : Volume 8 - 2023, Issue 5 - May

Google Scholar : https://bit.ly/3TmGbDi

Scribd : https://t.ly/R1jt

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7992784

Genomics approaches have revolutionized crop improvement by providing insights into the genetic basis of abiotic stress tolerance in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies pose significant challenges to groundnut production and global food security. This review highlights the key genomics approaches employed in groundnut research to enhance abiotic stress tolerance. Transcriptomics, including RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), has enabled the identification of stress-responsive genes and regulatory networks. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping have facilitated the identification of molecular markers and genomic regions associated with stress tolerance traits. Genomic selection integrates genomic information and phenotypic data for the prediction and selection of stress-tolerant individuals. Gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, offer precise modification of stress-related genes. Comparative genomics has revealed conserved regions and genes associated with stress tolerance across species. Genomic resources and databases specific to groundnut aid in the identification of candidate genes and the design of molecular markers. These genomics approaches offer great potential for developing stress-tolerant groundnut varieties, ensuring sustainable agriculture, and addressing global food security challenges.

Keywords : Abiotic Stress, Genomics, Groundnut, MAS, Transcriptomics

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